Recent History and Evolution of Public Health in Canada - Week 3

Venereal Diseases

STIs considered taboo; 50-60% adults affected.

Prohibition

Began in PEI 1901; spread during WWI.

Spanish Influenza

1918-1919 pandemic; 1/6 Canadians affected.

Maternal Health

6.4 maternal deaths per 1,000 people.

Health Units

Urban-focused; slow establishment in 1920s-1930s.

Indigenous Health

Minimal action; leaders fired for advocacy.

TB Mortality

10-20x higher in Indigenous communities.

Food Insecurity

Increased during Depression; affected families' birth rates.

WW II Nutrition

Soldiers faced malnutrition; reliance on milk.

Tobacco Use

Rates up to 75% in some cities.

Penicillin Discovery

Significant research boost post-1929 discovery.

World Health Organization

Established in 1948; post-war health initiatives.

Canadian Contributions

Dr. Brock, first WHO director; Indigenous services.

Environmental Contamination

Increased awareness of agricultural chemicals.

Medicare for All

Initiated in Canada; aimed at universal health.

Polio Vaccine

New vaccine in 1960s; eradicated in 1977.

HIV/AIDS Pandemic

Public health involved in care and education.

COVID-19 Impact

Transformed public health practices globally.

Mass Vaccination

Top priority during COVID-19 emergency response.

Public Perception

Shifted due to misinformation and communication issues.

SDOH

Social determinants of health; affect outcomes.

PPE Necessity

Required in many settings during pandemic.

Telemedicine

Increased use during COVID-19 for healthcare.

Healthcare Provider Burnout

Exacerbated by pandemic challenges and demands.

Economic Impacts

Shift to online shopping; 'Great Resignation' noted.

Hybrid Models

Shift to remote work and schooling during pandemic.

Public Health

Science of protecting and improving community health.

Health

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Holistic Health

Includes physical, mental, social, spiritual, and emotional health.

Disease Prevention

Strategies to detect and prevent diseases.

Infectious Diseases

Diseases caused by pathogens like bacteria and viruses.

Population Health

Health outcomes of a group and their distribution.

Health Inequities

Unfair differences in health outcomes among groups.

Determinants of Health

Factors influencing health outcomes in populations.

Socio-economic Factors

Income, education, and employment affecting health.

Physical Environment

Urban design and clean resources impacting health.

Health Outcomes

Measurable changes in health status from interventions.

Quality-Adjusted Life Year (QALY)

Measure of disease burden, factoring quality of life.

Health Utilities Index

Index measuring health-related quality of life.

Upstream Investments

Focus on root causes to improve health outcomes.

Intersectoral Collaboration

Cooperation among various sectors for health strategies.

Evidence-Based Decisions

Using data to guide health priorities and strategies.

Engagement of Citizens

Involving public in health strategy development.

Accountability in Health

Regular reporting on health outcomes and strategies.

Health Indicators

Metrics used to assess health status and outcomes.

Demographic Factors

Population characteristics influencing health outcomes.

Patient Populations

Groups of individuals receiving healthcare services.

Public Health Interventions

Actions taken to promote health and prevent diseases.

Social Support

Networks providing emotional and practical assistance.

Cultural Factors

Cultural beliefs and practices affecting health behaviors.

Individual Factors

Personal characteristics like genetics and behavior.