Blood, Lymph, and Lymph Nodes Final Test

The final test in the sixth unit, Blood, Lymph, and Lymph Nodes, in the course Animal Anatomy and Physiology 1 at Penn Foster College.

What's thrombopiesis?

The formation of a megakaryocyte

In most mammals, mature erythrocytes lack what feature?

A cell nucleus

The hormone erythropoietin controls which process?

The production of red blood cells

Which part of the spleen is made of phagocytic macrophages and storage spaces called sinuses?

Red pulp

Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are hallmarks of what bodily process?

Inflammation

How are old platelets removed from the circulation?

They're phagocytosed by macrophages

A blood sample is taken and placed in a tube at room temperature. After five minutes, where in the sample would you expect to find the white blood cells?

The small white layer in the middle of the tube

Basophil granules contain high amounts of what two chemicals?

Heparin and histamine

Blood plasma that has had the clotting proteins removed from it is called

serum

What structure covers the exterior of a lymph node?

Capsule

What are two ways that erythrocytes can be measured in the blood?

Through packed cell volume and hematocrit

The circulatory system helps maintain a consistent ___________ because blood is pumped from the central part of the body to the peripheral parts of the body.

body temperature

Erythrocytes have less flexibility and decreased enzyme activity as they age in a process known as what?

Senescence

How is the hormone erythropoietin regulated?

Blood oxygen levels in the kidney

Inside a red blood cell, an oxygen molecule binds what other molecule?

hemoglobin

What fluid is transported inside the lymphatic system?

Lymph

Which type of lymphocyte is primarily responsible for cell-mediated immunity?

T cells

What are fragments of megakaryocytes commonly called?

Platelets

Which lymphoid organ filters old blood cells and foreign particles from the blood?

Spleen

Which of the following is a component of both blood and lymph?

Lymphocytes

Bicarbonate in the plasma allows carbon dioxide to be transported without disrupting the __________ of the blood.

pH

The purpose of the circulatory system is to __________ a variety of substances

transport

The thymus, bursa of Fabricius, and Peyer's patches are __________ that regulate the maturations of lymphocytes/

primarily lymphoid organs

Why is eosinopenia often difficult to detect?

The number of eosinophils in peripheral blood is typically low to begin with.

In extravascular hemolysis, heme is converted into what molecule or molecules?

Billirubin

What type of cell can differentiate into many different types of cells, including different types of blood cells?

Pluripotential stem cells

Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid organ?

Spleen

An afferent lymphatic vessel carries into a lymph node and a/an __________ lymphatic vessel carries it out of a lymph node

efferent

Where do T cells mature?

Thymus

What's the primary role of lymph nodes?

To filter the lymph to remove pathogens and other foreign material

Following intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobin can be taken up by the kidneys and released in the urine in a process called what?

Hemoglobinuria

Invading bacteria are recognized by neutrophils, which engulf the bacteria and form a packet within the cell called a __________

phagosome

Which part of the spleen is made of lymphocytes and arterioles?

White pulp

Which of the following statements describes the lifespan of red blood cells?

Red blood cells live in a few weeks in some species and a few months in others

How does carbon dioxide leave the body?

It's breathed out