CH 4. Bio 168

Vocabulary flashcards covering primary tissue types, epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues, body membranes, and tissue repair based on Chapter 4 notes.

Tissue

Groups of cells similar in structure that perform a common or related function.

Histology

The study of tissues.

Apical Surface

The upper free side of epithelial tissue exposed to a body surface or cavity.

Basal Surface

The lower attached side of epithelial tissue that faces inward toward the body.

Basal Lamina

An adhesive sheet at the basal surface that holds epithelial cells to underlying cells.

Reticular Lamina

A layer deep to the basal lamina consisting of a network of collagen fibers.

Basement Membrane

A structure composed of the basal lamina and reticular lamina that reinforces the epithelial sheet and defines the epithelial boundary.

Endothelium

A specialized simple squamous epithelium lining lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and the heart.

Mesothelium

A specialized simple squamous epithelium found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity.

Endocrine Glands

Ductless glands that release secretions (hormones) directly into interstitial fluid to be picked up by the circulatory system.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that release secretions onto body surfaces or into body cavities via ducts.

Mucin

A sugar-protein produced by unicellular glands that dissolves in water to form protective, lubricating mucus.

Merocrine Glands

Multicellular exocrine glands that secrete products by exocytosis as secretions are produced.

Holocrine Glands

Multicellular exocrine glands that accumulate products within until the entire secretory cell ruptures.

Apocrine Glands

Glands that accumulate products within, but only the apex ruptures during secretion.

Mesenchyme

The common embryonic origin tissue from which all connective tissues arise.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

A non-living protein-sugar mesh composed of ground substance and fibers that suspends cells in connective tissue.

Ground Substance

Unstructured gel-like material filling the space between cells in connective tissue, composed of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans.

Fibroblasts

Immature cells found in connective tissue proper that actively secrete ground substance and extracellular matrix fibers.

Chondrocytes

Mature cartilage cells that maintain the matrix and reside in cavities called lacunae.

Osteons

Individual structural units of bone tissue.

Lacunae

Small cavities or spaces within cartilage or bone matrix that house chondrocytes or osteocytes.

Areolar Connective Tissue

The most widely distributed connective tissue that acts as a universal packing material supporting and binding other tissues.

Brown Fat

A type of adipose tissue that uses lipid fuels to heat the bloodstream rather than producing ATP.

Intercalated Discs

Specialized joints where branching cardiac muscle cells connect to one another.

Neurons

Specialized nerve cells in nervous tissue that generate and conduct nerve impulses.

Glial Cells

Supporting cells in nervous tissue that support, insulate, and protect neurons.

Lamina Propria

A layer of loose connective tissue underlying the epithelial sheet of a mucous membrane.

Serous Membranes

Moist membranes lining closed ventral body cavities, constructed from mesothelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

Regeneration

A process of tissue repair where destroyed tissue is replaced with the same kind of tissue, restoring original function.

Fibrosis

A process of tissue repair where destroyed tissue is replaced with connective tissue, resulting in scar tissue and loss of original function.

Granulation Tissue

Fragile, capillary-enriched tissue that replaces a blood clot during the organization phase of tissue repair.