Bio 3.2

Sensory neuron

cell that detects a stimulus and turns it into another form

Mechanoreceptors

respond to mechanical change in dendritic region, detects pressure, muscle length, positions and tension

Thermoreceptors

respond to heat or cold, provide information about external environment

Pain receptors

respond to tissue damage or excessive heat

Chemoreceptors

respond to presence of chemical

Photoreceptors

respond to light

Pupil

opening that allows light into the eye

Lens

changes shape to allow the eye to focus light

Retina

light sensitive sheet of neuronal tissue lining of the eye

Optic nerve

send signals to the brain

Fovea

responsible for central vision. it is the point at which visual acuity is at its highest

nearsighted

trouble seeing far away

astigmatic

trouble with depth perception

farsighted

trouble seeing near

cone cells

detect different colors and require brightly lit environments

rod cells

detect dim light and are used for night vision

bipolar cells

transmit signals from the rob/cone cells to ganglion cells. help determine shape of objects

ganglion cells

send information from rod/cone and bipolar cells to the brain through the optic nerve

Why is an apple perceived as red

red is reflected and that stimulated the cones in our eye that detect light in that wavelength

pinna

outer visible portion of ear, directs sound waves to auditory canal

auditory canal

directs sounds waves to the tympanic membrane

tympanic membrane(ear drum)

separates outer ear from middle ear, vibrates in response to sound waves

size of inner ear bones gives animals ability to hear different frequencies

smaller ear bones=higher frequencies

larger ear bones= lower frequencies

what does the inner ear do

turns waves in fluid into signals to the brain through innervated hair cells in the cochlea

cochlea

filled with fluid, movement of fluid stimulates cilia on cells that line___

what happens if the inner ear hairs are disrupted

not sending a unified signal, making it hard for our brains to interpret the sound

Olfactory receptor cells

chemoreceptors that bind with odorants, fit in like a lock and key

Filliform papillae

a coating mechanism for your tongue. they create a rough texture to help with chewing and speaking

fungiform and vallate papillae

contain taste buds

how many taste qualities do we have

5

what does the skin consist of

epidermis and dermis

epidermis

outer layer or skin, no blood vessels, contains keratinocytes and melanocytes

nociception

detection of painful stimuli, the body does not adapt to this stimulus

specialized sensory neurons

can detect extreme temperature, pressure and injury related to chemicals