abeka biology 10 section 9.3

im sorry for some of the terms in there...

stomach

muscular digestive organ that thoroughly mixes food with digestive juices; sac-like, j-shaped storage structure

three

fill in the blank

instead of two layers of smooth muscle tissue, the stomach has ______ layers

hunger contractions

occur when the stomach has been empty for several hours

gastric juice

digestive juice formed by the secretions of the stomach; break down the substances that you eat

hydrochloric acid

softens foods; it kills bacteria; and it reacts with certain minerals, making them soluble so that they can better be absorbed through the walls of the small intestine

pepsin

the most important gastric enzyme

gastric amylase

aids in the digestion of starch

gastric lipase

aids in the digestion of certain fats

chyme

thick liquid formed in the stomach, consisting of digestive juices and partially digested food

cardiac sphincter

area of thickened circular muscles where the esophagus joins the stomach

heartburn

burning sensation where the gastric secretions irritate the esophagus

pyloric sphincter

keeps food in the stomach until the food has been sufficiently mixed with gastric juice and is ready to enter the small intestine; located at the lower end of the stomach

liver

large abdominal organ that functions as the body’s chemical factory; produces bile; filters blood; and stores glycogen, vitamins, minerals, and reserve blood

bile

greenish-colored substance

gallbladder

sac-like organ that stores bile

bile salts

the most important components of bile

emulsification

linkage that breaks large droplets into smaller droplets

lipase

breaks down the fats into individual fatty acids

pancreas

produces pancreatic juice and secretes this juice into the small intestine through the pancreatic duct

sodium bicarbonate

which neutralizes the hydrochloric acid secreted by the gastric glands; the same chemical as household baking soda

small intestine

the primary organ of digestion and absorption; long tube constructed of two layers of muscle; one layer of muscle runs lengthwise, and the other encircles the intestine

duodenum

the first 25 cm (10 in) of the small intestine

jejunum

the middle section of the small intestine

ileum

the longest part of the small intestine

duodenum

fill in the blank

the ____________ is where most of the digestion occurs

intestinal glands

digestive glands in the small intestine that produce intestinal juice

absorption

the movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances into the bloodstream

villi

tiny hair-like projections of the small intestine whose primary function is to absorb digested food

capillaries

tiny blood vessels

microvilli

fine extensions of the cell membrane on epithelial cells of the small intestine

lacteal

tube-like lymph vessel that carries absorbed fats out of a villus

insulin

pancreatic hormone that signals the liver and muscles to remove glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen

glucagon

pancreatic hormone that signals the liver to convert glycogen to glucose and release the glucose into the bloodstream

urea

waste substance made from excess amino acids

large intestine

larger in diameter than the small intestine, but is much shorter

• colon

• cecum

• rectum

what three sections are the large intestine divided into?

cecum

attached to a small, finger-like structure, the vermiform appendix

colon

divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid regions; help the small intestine absorb a certain amount of digested food

appendicitis

when the appendix becomes infected and requires surgery

diarrhea

condition of expelling too much water when the colon is not working properly

rectum

joined to the end of the sigmoid colon; stores undigestible materials that pass through the digestive system

feces

waste