PSYC 1100 – Week 8 Consciousness

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Vocabulary flashcards covering the major terms and concepts from Week 8 lecture on Consciousness.

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66 Terms

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Consciousness

A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.

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Phenomenology

The study of how things seem to the conscious person.

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Problem of Other Minds

The fundamental difficulty of perceiving the consciousness of others.

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Philosophical Zombie

A hypothetical being that behaves like a human but lacks conscious experience.

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Agency (mind perception)

Judged ability for self-control, planning, and thought in another mind.

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Experience (mind perception)

Judged capacity to feel sensations and emotions in another mind.

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Mind-Body Problem

The issue of how mental states are related to physical brain activity.

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Intentionality

Property of consciousness whereby it is directed toward an object or stimulus.

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Unity (of consciousness)

Ability to integrate sensory information into a coherent whole.

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Selectivity

Capacity to include some objects and exclude others from awareness.

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Transience

The tendency of conscious focus to keep changing over time.

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Dichotic Listening

Task with different messages in each ear used to study selective attention.

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Cocktail Party Phenomenon

Ability to focus on one conversation yet notice personally relevant stimuli (e.g., your name) elsewhere.

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Minimal Consciousness

Low-level sensory awareness and responsiveness that can occur during sleep.

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Full Consciousness

State in which you are aware of and can report your mental experiences.

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Self-Consciousness

Attention is directed toward the self as an object (e.g., embarrassment, self-reflection).

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Mirror Self-Recognition (Rouge) Task

Test for self-consciousness where individuals recognize a mark on their face in a mirror.

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Coma

State of complete unawareness with closed eyes and no purposeful response to stimuli.

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Vegetative State

Condition with sleep-wake cycles and reflexive behaviours but no evidence of awareness.

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Locked-In Syndrome

Paralysis of nearly all muscles while full consciousness is preserved.

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Experience Sampling / EMA

Method in which participants report their conscious experiences in real time.

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Daydreaming

Purposeless flow of thoughts when attention drifts from immediate tasks.

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Default Network

Brain regions active during rest and self-referential thought, prominent in daydreaming.

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Mental Control

The attempt to change or regulate the conscious mind.

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Thought Suppression

Conscious attempt to avoid a specific thought.

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Rebound Effect (of suppression)

Suppressed thoughts return to consciousness more frequently afterward.

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Ironic Processes of Mental Control

Monitoring for errors can itself cause the unwanted thought or action.

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Dynamic Unconscious (Freud)

Active system of hidden memories, instincts, and inner conflict outside awareness.

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Repression

Mental process that keeps unacceptable thoughts in the unconscious.

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Freudian Slip

Verbal or behavioural mistake believed to reveal unconscious thoughts.

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Cognitive Unconscious

All mental processes not experienced yet influencing thoughts and behaviour.

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Dual Process Theories

Models proposing fast, automatic System 1 and slow, effortful System 2 processing.

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System 1

Fast, automatic, unconscious mental processing system.

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System 2

Slow, deliberate, conscious mental processing system.

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Altered State of Consciousness

Experience that departs significantly from normal subjective awareness.

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Hypnagogic State

Pre-sleep transitional consciousness with wandering, dreamlike thoughts.

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Hypnic Jerk

Sudden muscular twitch or falling sensation during early sleep onset.

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Circadian Rhythm

Natural ~24-hour cycle governing sleep–wake and other bodily functions.

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Stage 1 Sleep

Light sleep with theta waves; easy to awaken.

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Stage 2 Sleep

Sleep stage with theta waves and sleep spindles; harder to awaken.

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Stage 3 Sleep

Deep sleep characterized by delta waves.

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Stage 4 Sleep

Deepest non-REM sleep dominated by delta waves.

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REM Sleep

Stage with rapid eye movements, dreaming, and brain activity similar to wakefulness.

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Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep leading to cognitive deficits, mood problems, and health risks.

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Insomnia

Chronic difficulty falling or staying asleep.

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Sleep Apnea

Sleep disorder where breathing repeatedly stops, causing nocturnal awakenings.

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Sleepwalking

Walking during non-REM sleep without conscious awareness.

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Narcolepsy

Disorder involving sudden REM sleep attacks during wakefulness.

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Sleep Paralysis

Temporary inability to move when awakening from REM sleep.

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Night Terrors

Abrupt awakening with intense fear, usually early in the sleep cycle.

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Dream Characteristics

Intense emotion, illogical thought, vivid sensation, uncritical acceptance, and poor recall.

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Manifest Content

The surface storyline of a dream, according to Freud.

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Latent Content

The hidden, true meaning of a dream, per Freudian theory.

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Activation-Synthesis Model

Theory that dreams result from the brain’s attempt to make sense of random neural activity.

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Lucid Dreaming

Dreaming while aware that one is dreaming, often with some control.

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Psychoactive Drug

Substance that alters consciousness or behaviour by affecting neurotransmission.

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Drug Tolerance

Needing larger doses over time to achieve the same effect.

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Depressants

Drugs that reduce central nervous system activity and have calming effects.

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Expectancy Theory (alcohol)

Belief that alcohol effects are shaped by users’ expectations of those effects.

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Alcohol Myopia

Impaired attention under alcohol leading to simplistic responses to complex situations.

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Stimulants

Drugs that increase CNS activity, arousal, and energy (e.g., cocaine).

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Narcotics (Opiates)

Highly addictive pain-relieving drugs derived from opium.

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Hallucinogens

Drugs that profoundly alter sensation and perception, producing hallucinations.

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Hypnosis

Social interaction where suggestions alter a participant’s subjective experience.

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Posthypnotic Amnesia

Inability to recall information following a hypnotic suggestion to forget.

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Hypnotic Analgesia

Pain reduction achieved through hypnotic suggestion in susceptible individuals.