Pharynx - Lecture Notes Flashcards (Fill in the Blank)

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key pharynx concepts from the lecture notes.

The pharynx is a conical or funnel-shaped __ tube situated behind the nose, mouth and larynx.

fibromuscular

The pharynx comprises of three parts (superior to inferior): __, __ and __.

nasopharynx; oropharynx; laryngopharynx

NASOPHARYNX extends from the base of the skull to the level of the vertebra.

C1

The inferior border of the pharynx ends at the inferior border of the cartilage anteriorly.

cricoid

Anterior wall of the pharynx is largely deficient and communicates with the nasal cavity, oral cavity and the .

larynx

The pharynx length is about cm.

12-14

The pharynx widest part (the upper part) is about cm.

3.5

Superior boundary of the pharynx is the base of the skull, including the posterior part of the body of the and basilar part of the occipital bone.

sphenoid bone

The nasopharynx contains the opening of the tube, pharyngeal recesses and the pharyngeal tonsil.

auditory (Eustachian)

The pharyngeal recess (fossa of Rosenmüller) is located behind the elevation.

tubal

Pharyngeal tonsil enlargement due to infection is commonly known as .

adenoids

Waldeyer’s ring is composed of right and left palatine tonsil, pharyngeal tonsil, tubal tonsil, and the .

lingual tonsil

The pharyngeal wall consists of four layers from inside out: mucous membrane, pharyngobasilar fascia, muscular coat and the fascia.

buccopharyngeal

The mucous membrane of the nasopharynx is lined by epithelium.

respiratory (pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells)

The outer circular layer of the muscular coat consists of the three constrictors: , , and .

superior; middle; inferior

The inner longitudinal layer of pharyngeal muscles includes the , , and .

stylopharyngeus; salpingopharyngeus; palatopharyngeus

The inferior constrictor has two parts named from origins: and .

thyropharyngeus; cricopharyngeus

The cricopharyngeus part acts as a sphincter at the junction.

pharyngoesophageal

Killian’s dehiscence is the junction between oblique fibres of and horizontal fibres of .

thyropharyngeus; cricopharyngeus

The piriform fossa is sometimes artificially deepened and is also called the fossa.

smuggler's

Boundaries of the piriform fossa: medially the and ; laterally the mucous membrane over the lamina of the cartilage.

aryepiglottic fold; quadrangular membrane; thyroid

The nerve supply to the stylopharyngeus is via the nerve (CN IX).

glossopharyngeal

Palatopharyngeus and stylopharyngeus are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the nerve (CN X).

vagus

The tensor veli palatini is supplied by the nerve.

mandibular (V3)

Autonomic (parasympathetic) secretomotor innervation to pharynx comes from the greater petrosal nerve and the lesser palatine branches of the ganglion.

pterygopalatine

Fibres from the pharyngeal plexus also supply the muscles of the soft palate except the veli palatini.

tensor

Lymph passes to retropharyngeal lymph nodes or directly into the upper and lower deep groups of lymph nodes.

cervical

Applied anatomy includes pharyngitis, enlarged adenoid tonsils, pharyngeal diverticulum and .

pharyngeal cancer

A pharyngeal diverticulum at Killian’s dehiscence is commonly referred to as diverticulum.

Zenker