WHAP Unit 1 - The Global Tapestry

mandate of heaven

given to dynasties to come into power, can be lost when things go and wrong and reappointed

Chinese dynasties

Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic

Mao Zedong

introduced communism

Deng Xiaoping

introduced capitalism

Confucianism

6th century BCE, Confucius, leading by example, hierarchical society (5 key relationships)

imperial bureaucracy

Confucian principles, civil service exam, meritocracy

filial piety

respect your elders

Neo-Confucianism

Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, ex. Confucian scholar meditating in nature

patriarchy

found in Chinese culture, from Confucianism

foot binding

status symbol, shows don’t have to work

sinification

to become Chinese-like, cultural influences spread to Japan and Korea (NOT foot binding)

Chinese economy

increasingly commercialized, free peasant and artisanal labor

Champa rice

fast ripening and drought resistant, harvested twice a year, pop. increase

Dar al-Islam

the house of Islam, where it’s practiced

Islam

7th century BCE, Muhammad, Abrahamic, Quran (bible)

mosque

Muslim version of church, has minarets (towers)

5 pillars of Islam

shahada, salah/salat, zakat, sawm, hajj (all hold together the Dar al-Islam)

caliphate

Islamic city-state, ruled by caliph (political, religious, and military leader)

Abbasid caliphate

capital Baghdad, fragmenting and taken over by Turkic groups (Seljuks, Ottomans, Delhi Sultanate, Mamluks)

Islamic expansion

military, merchants, missionaries, and Sufis (whirling dervishes)

Middle Ages (Europe)

dark ages (Rome fell, Islamic babysitters, Golden Age of Islam), high middle ages (knowledge made way to Europe vis Crusades), late middle ages

transfers

people made improvements/critiqued work of “fathers” of diff subjects and expanded on them

transfers (people)

Hippocrates (Al Razi, Ibn Sina), Nasir Al Din Tusi (Copernicus), Herodotus (Ibn Khaldun)

Hinduism

India, oldest religion, ethnic, polytheistic, caste system, doesn’t move

Hinduism key terms

brahman (world soul), atman (your soul), moksha (souls joined), reincarnation (rebirth), samsara (cycle of life, death, rebirth), karma (doing good), dharma (doing duty)

Hinduism caste system

brahmins (priests/teachers), kshatriyas (warriors/rulers), vaishyas (farmers, traders, merchants), shudras (laborers)

bhakti

form of Hinduism where devote self to one of pantheon of Gods

Bhuddism

India, Siddhartha Gautama, rejects caste system, universal, moves

4 noble truths

live is to suffer, suffer bc of desires, end suffering must give up desires, follow 8 fold path to obtain nirvana (end goal, basically moksha)

Theravada Buddhism

old school, monasticism, doesn’t move

Mahayana Buddhism

Great Vehicle, allows common people to obtain Nirvana, spreads quickly, just live good life

Delhi Sultanate

North India, Islamic, brought Islam to India

Vijayanagara

South India, Hindu, major player in Sea Roads

Straight of Malacca

present day Indonesia, controlled by Srivijaya, major passage of Sea Roads

Srivajaya

present day Indonesia, Buddhist, controls straight of Malacca, collects taxes on ships to make profit

Khmer

present day Cambodia, Angor Wat (Hindu to Buddhist temple)

Borobudur

Indonesia, world’s largest Buddhist temple

Aztecs

present day Mexico (not from there), maize, human sacrifice, wars for captives, Tenochtitlan (capital), ended by smallpox

wars for captives

Aztecs conquered people, took captives for sacrifice, demanded tribute (often people) from conquered peoples

Incas

South America (Andes Mts.), maize and potatoes, limited trade, wars for conquest, Mit’a, Machu Picchu

Mit’a

Incas system where 1/7 people in empire work for state, how they built massive roads, Spain took advantage of it

Swaheli Coast

East Africa, Arab and Bantu blend, brought Islam to East Africa, made of city-states, major player in Sea Roads

SHORT ANSWER

Swaheli involvement in Sea Roads; traded with China, India, Southeast Asia, Arabia

Ethiopia

East Africa, Sea Roads, Orthodox Christians

Great Zimbabwe

great stone walls, hierarchal society, traded copper gold ivory with Swaheli (gave access to Sea Roads), ended from overcrowding and soil depletiona

Mali

West Africa, Mansa Musa, Timbuktu (capital), Sand Roads

Mansa Musa

Muslim from Mali who went to Mecca with a lot of money and built a lot of mosques, traded salt and gold

European religions

majority Roman Catholic, pockets of Judaism (Spain and Balkans), Spain was Islamic (Golden Age)

Europe decentralization

Rome fell, decentralized monarchies throughout Europe

feudalism

political, social, and economic hierarchy; included manorialism and serfdom; kings, lords, knights, peasants

manorialism (manor system)

economic aspect of feudalism; lord lives at manor, gives land to serfs, serfs give some of crop to Lord

serfdom

serfs bound to land, work for lord for protection, got section of land for sustenance

three field system

fall planting (wheat, nitrogen absorbing), spring field (peas and lentils, nitrogen enriching), fallow field (rest field); switches after harvest; prevents soil depletion