12.2: MIxtures and Solutions

Pure Substance

Characterized by an unchanging or specific composition

Are substances that are made up of only one kind of particle and have a fixed or constant structure

As pure substances and mixtures

How can matter be classified?

Elements

The simplest form of matter that is composed of only one kind of atom

A substance that results from a combination of only one type or kind of atom

Cannot be broken down into simpler substances

Compounds

Composed of two or more elements combined chemically in definite proportions

A substance that results from a combination of two or more difference chemical elements

Mixture

Composed of different pure substances that are physically combined in variable proportions

Physical combination of two or more substances that blend together without forming new substances

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that contains distinct substances that are physically and often visibly-separate

Not evenly distributed in the sample

Homogeneous mixture

A mixture that has the same uniform appearance and composition all throughout

Exist in a single phase, this means that the appearance, properties, and composition are uniform through a sample

Solution

Can be physically combined in varying proportions

Solute

Substance that gets dissolved (smaller amount than the solvent)

Dissolving

The one that does the dissolving

Alloy

Metal made by combining two or more metallic elements

Suspension

The solid particles are spread throughout the liquid without dissolving in it

Colloid

Particles of an insoluble substance are suspended throughout another substance

Mixture

Identify if it is an element, mixture or compound:

Air

MIxture

Identify if it is an element, mixture or compound:

Brass

Mixture

Identify if it is an element, mixture or compound:

Bronze

Compound

Identify if it is an element, mixture or compound:

Water

Element

Identify if it is an element, mixture or compound:

Graphite

Coarse mixture

Identify what kind of heterogenous mixture:

Halo-halo

Colloid

Identify what kind of heterogenous mixture:

Toothpaste

Colloid

Identify what kind of heterogenous mixture:

Muddy water

Colloid

Identify what kind of heterogenous mixture:

Whipped cream

Homogeneous mixture

Is Solution a heterogenous or homogeneous mixture?

Heterogeneous mixture

Is Suspension a heterogenous or homogeneous mixture?

Heterogeneous mixture

Is Colloid a heterogenous or homogeneous mixture?

O2

Identify the solute:

O2 - 21%

N2 - 78%

(Air)

N2

Identify the solvent:

O2 - 21%

N2 - 78%

(Air)

Aqueous solution

A solution in which water is the solvent

Filtration

1?

Iron stand

2?

Filtrate

3?

Filter paper

4?

Evaporation

5?

Bunsen burner

6?

Tripod

7?

Evaporating dish

8?

Decantation

9?

Decantate

10?

Distillation

11?

Evaporation

12?

Condensation

13?

Distillate

14?

Homogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Bronze

Homogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Air

Homogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

NaCl (aq)

Heterogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Oil and water

Heterogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Toothpaste

Heterogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Muddy water

Homogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Brass

Homogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Dental amalgam

Homogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Alcohol and water

Heterogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Whipped cream

Heterogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Iron filings and sulfur

Heterogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Milk

Heterogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Blood

Heterogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Concrete

Heterogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Smoke

Homogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Steel

Homogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Brine

Homogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Vinegar

Homogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Jelly

Homogeneous mixture

Identify if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture:

Ink

Sieving

Separating method used to separate components of mixture with different sizes

Magnetism

Separating method used to separate materials with different magnetic property

Decantation

Separating method for mixtures of liquid and heavy insoluble solids

For sand-water mixtures, it can be separated by gently pouring the water out of the container after the sand has settled at the bottom of the container

Decantate

The liquid collected after decantation

Evaporation

Done by continuously heating the solution, leaving behind the solid component of the mixture

Sublimation

Conversion of a substance from the solid to the gaseous state

Filtration

The process in which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by the use of a filter medium that permits the fluid to pass through but retains the solid particles

Filtrate

The liquid collected after filtration

Chromatography

The method used to separate components of different degrees of solubility using a moving and stationary fluid

Can be used to separate pigments of ink

Distillation

Separates miscible liquids of different boiling points such as alcohol and water

Distillate

The liquid collected after distillation

Accuracy

Indicates how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value

Precision

Refers to the closeness of measurements within a set of data

Getting similar results each time, even if it's not close to the actual value

High accuracy, high precision

Indicate the accuracy and precision

High accuracy, low precision

Indicate the accuracy and precision

Low accuracy, high precision

Indicate the accuracy and precision

Low accuracy, low precision

Indicate the accuracy and precision

Significant figures

Indicate the precision of a number by showing which digits in a measurement are meaningful and reliable

Mass

Defined as the amount of matter in an object

Fixed quantity that is independent of the object's location

Weight

It is the pull of gravity on an object and depends on the object's location

Can be measured with: digital balance, triple beam balance, and analytical balance

Volume

The amount of space occupied by an object

Meniscus

The curvature in the interface of a liquid in any glass container

V = l x w x h

Formula for volume of regularly shaped solid?

Water displacement method

Formula for volume of irregularly shaped solid?

Density

An intrinsic property of matter, it is the mass (m) of an object per unit volume (V) it occupies = m/v

Analytical balance

A balance that is accurate to three decimal places

Top-loading/Platform balance

A balance that is accurate to two decimal places

Triple-beam balance

A balance that is accurate to one decimal places

W = Mg

Formula for weight?