FUNDS: ABG'S & ELECTROLYTES

Blood pH

7.35 - 7.45

pCO2

35 - 45 mmHg

pO2

80 - 100 mmHg

HCO3

22 - 26 mEq/L

SaO2

95% - 100%

(R)espiratory & (O)pposite

- pH high + PCO2 low = respiratory alkalosis

- pH low + PCO2 high = respiratory acidosis

(M)etabolic & (E)qual

- pH high + HCO3 high = metabolic alkalosis

- pH low + HCO3 low = metabolic acidosis

Respiratory Acidosis

- (<) 7.35 pH

- (>) 45 mmHg CO2

Respiratory Acidosis - Treatment

provide inhaler to improve gas exchange

Respiratory Alkalosis

- (>) 7.45 pH

- (<) 35 mmHg CO2

Respiratory Alkalosis - Treatment

slow respirations (paper bag or non-rebreather mask)

Metabolic Acidosis

- (<) 7.35 pH

- (<) 22 mmHg HCO3

Metabolic Acidosis - Treatment

provide sodium bicarbonate IV fluids

Metabolic Alkalosis

- (>) 7.45 pH

- (>) 26 mmH HCO3

Metabolic Alkalosis - Treatment

IV acetazolamide

Normal Blood Levels of: Sodium

135 - 145 mEq/L

Normal Blood Levels of: Potassium

3.5 - 5.3 mEq/dL

Normal Blood Levels of: Calcium

8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL

Normal Blood Levels of: Magnesium

1.5 - 2.6 mEq/L

Normal Blood Levels of: Chloride

95 - 105 mEq/L

Normal Blood Levels of: Phosphate

2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL

Normal Blood Levels of: Blood Urea Nitrogen (Children)

5 - 18 mg/dL

Normal Blood Levels of: Blood Urea Nitrogen (Aged 14-Adult)

8 - 21 mg/dL

Normal Blood Levels of: Blood Urea Nitrogen (Adults Older Than 90)

10 - 31 mg/dL

Hyponatremia

sodium level less than 135 mEq/L

Hyponatremia - Symptoms

- nausea, confusion, and vomiting

- seizure

Hypernatremia

sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L

Hypernatremia - Symptoms

- thirst

- dry mouth and stick mucous membranes

Hypokalemia

potassium level less than 3.5 mEq/dL

Hypokalemia - Symptoms

- decrease GI motility

- flat T wave

Hyperkalemia

potassium level greater than 5.3 mEq/dL

Hyperkalemia - Symptoms

- muscle weakness

- tall T wave

Hypocalcemia

calcium level less than 8.5 mg/dL

Hypocalcemia - Symptoms

- muscle spasms (trousseau and chvostek signs)

- numbness/tingling of extremities

Hypercalcemia

calcium level greater than 10.5 mg/dL

Hypercalcemia - Symptoms

- muscle weakness

- constipation

Hypophosphatemia

phosphate level less than 2.5 mg/dL

Hypophosphatemia - Symptoms

- paresthesia

- joint stiffness

Hyperphosphatemia

phosphate level greater than 4.5 mg/dL

Hyperphosphatemia - Symptoms

short term - tetany

long term - calcification in soft tissue