Logarithmes

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Last updated 1:50 PM on 12/10/23
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20 Terms

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Définition

Le logarithme en base a (a E R+0 / 1) d’un réel x, avec x>0, est l’exposant qu’il faut donner à la base a pour obtenir le réel.

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Log a (x) = y

<=> a^y = x

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Fonction réciproque de la fonction exponentielle

Fonction logarithme

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Logarithme en base 10

Log 10 (x) = log(x)

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Logarithme en base e

Log e(x) = ln(x)

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Points particuliers du graphique

(1;0) et (a ;1) E Gf

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Log a(a)

= 1

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Log a(1)

= 0

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Log a(a^x)

= x

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A^log a(x)

= x

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Log a(x) =log a(y)

<=> x = y

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Démonstration 1

En effet, si a e R+0 / (1), 1 est l’exposant qu’il faut donner à la base a pour obtenir a. D’autre part, log a(1) = 0 <=> a^0 = 1

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Log a(u.v)

= log a(u) + log a(v)

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Log a(u/v)

= log a(u) - log a(v)

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Log a(u^c)

= c. Log a(u)

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Démonstration 5

Posons log a(u) = s <=> a^s = u

Et log a(v) = t <=> a^t = v

Alors log a(u.v) = log a(a^s.a^t) = log a(a^s+t) = s+t = log a(u) + log a(v)

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Démonstration 6

Posons log a(u) = s <=> a^s = u

Et log a(v) = t <=> a^t = v

Alors log a(u/v) = log a(a^s/a^t) = log a(a^s-t) = s - t = log a(u) - log a(v)

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Démonstration 7

Posons log a(u) =s <=> a^s = u

Alors log a(u^c) = log a((a^s)^c) = log a(a^s.c) = s . c = c . s = c . Log a(u)

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Changement de base

Log a(x) = log b(x)/log b(a)

Log a(x) = ln(x)/ln(a)

Ou log a(x) = log(x)/log(a)

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Pour résolution d’équations

X > 0