Families in Canada - Exam review WIP

What is the first stage of Erikson's 8 Stages?

Trust vs Mistrust (up to 1 year)

What is the second stage of Erikson's 8 Stages?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Guilt (1-3)

What is the third stage of Erikson's 8 Stages?

Initiative vs Guilt (3-5)

What is the fourth stage of Erikson's 8 Stages?

Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12)

What is the fifth stage of Erikson's 8 Stages?

Identity vs. Role Confusion (13-18)

What is the sixth stage of Erikson's 8 Stages?

Intimacy vs. Confusion (19-25)

What is the seventh stage of Erikson's 8 Stages?

Generativity vs Confusion (25-65)

What is the eighth stage of Erikson's 8 Stages?

Integrity vs. Despair (65+)

What percentage of Canadian families have children?

50%

Matriarchy vs. Patriarchy

Matriarchy: Woman is the head of the family. Patriarchy: Man is head of family.

Mystique of motherhood

Since women have a gentler nature, they are less suited to the workplace and their true potential is not reached until they have a child

Characteristics of psychology

-Focuses on individuals and their behaviour

-Based off of mental processes

-2 types: clinical and behavioural

Primary research vs secondary research

Primary = gathering of first-hand data

Secondary = gathering information and supporting materials that already exist

Sociology vs Anthropology

Sociology emphasizes social structure behaviohr ; anthropology emphasizes culture.

Baby boom

Born between 1947-1966, caused by increased economic security after the war

Pay equity

Equal pay for work of equal value; specifically between men and women

How much money do women make for every dollar men make?

89 cents

Marriage throughout history

First forms of marriage were informal group marriages

Hebrew marriage was patriarchal, not monogamist

Roman marriage was similar but monogamist

In the 16th century, marriage a la facon du pays

Arranged marriages were common until the 18th century

Rise of courtship: women being able to choose their dates

Gail Sheehy

A journalist who defined stages of transition in adulthood; often referred to as "pop psychologisy" because she is not scientifically trained

Daniel Levinson

A psychologist who studied the transition from early adulthood to the adult world..

What is a key part of Daniel Levinson's theory of adult development?

Forming a dream and placing it within the life structure.

Reginald Bibby

Sociology professor at the University of Lethbridge, found that children believed they would have a better life than their parents

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross

Defined the 5 stages of death: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

Emile Durkheim

Founder of modern sociology, advocate for criminal reform, defined types of suicide

Durkheim's type of suicide

Egoistic: caused by feeling isolated and lonely

Anomic: caused by inability to adjust to major changes in society

Altruistuc: caused by sacrificing oneself for another

Fatalistic: caused by feeling like life is controlled by others

Karl Marx

Father of conflict theory, believed society developed due to the struggle of people for power/$, advocated for redistributing power equally (communism)

Pierre Trudeau

Former Prime Minister of Canada - "the state does not belong in the bedrooms of the nation"

Judith Wallerstein

A psychologist who made the 9 Psychological Tasks for a Good Marriage

Kerkoff & Davis

Created an earlier version of the filter theory: partners pass through three filters: sociodemographic characteristics, similarity of attitudes, and complementarity

Murstein

Created the "filter theory"; potential partners go through many layers, until only one reaches marriage

Functionalism

Claims that society functions when everyone's actions benefit it as a whole, everyone must follow the norm, which can change, but slowly

Social exchange theory

Social behaviour is an exchange of pros and cons; not numerical but by weight

Symbolic interactionism

People interpret themselves based on social interaction and give these interactions meaning

3 key aspects of social interactionism

Self is two parts, Me (objective) and I (subjective, based on others perception)

People "take" attitude of others to anticipate next move

People communicate through a shared language— symbols

Conflict theory

Competition to meet needs causes conflict to exist; caused by people in power

Feminist theory

Founded from conflict theory; class differences between men and women cause oppression

How common is common law?

Almost 60% of Canadians live together in their first conjugal relationship

Origins of sociology

Coined by Auguste Comte; split into social statics and social dynamics; further developed by Emile Durkheim

Personality goes best with what social science?

Psychology

Of those who graduate high school, what % go on to post-sec ed?

62% to uni, 18% to college

At what age can Canadians vote?

18

Sheehy and early adult transition

Transition to Early Adulthood: Pulling up Roots

Transition to Adult World: The Trying Twenties

Transition to Thirties: Catch-30

How long does Levinson believe early adulthood will last?

17 - 45 (28 years)

Who is the father of sociology?

Emile Durkheim

Bibby and personal happiness

Thought that upbringing affected people's happiness the most

Public announcements for marriage

Wedding banns: A Christian tradition, wedding announcements made 3 weeks before the marriage, can sometimes be used in lieu of a wedding certificate

Stages of marriage

1) Honeymoon phase; warm, happy, self exploration

2) Conflict arises: couple becomes more demanding as needs change

3) Conflict resolves: couples makes a compromise, relationship is more mature and stable

Cycle of violence - 1st stage

Tension building: The victim maintains a careful balance, conforming to what the abuser wants; the abuser has small outbursts

Cycle of violence - 2nd stage

Abusive incident: a serious abusive outburst occurs. The victim will be upset at their abuser for not keeping their promises, but might try to cover up what happened

Cycle of violence - 3rd stage

Calm and penance: The abuser begs for forgiveness from their actions; if the victim previously told the police, they might cover it up now

Stages of engagament

Stage 1: terror, after leaving

Kin keeper

A family role, traditionally occupied by a woman, which includes responsibility for maintaining family and friendship relationships

Dependency ratio

The number of people who are too young or too old to work, compared to the number of people in their productive years

Filter theory

People sift eligible mates according to specific criteria and thus reduce the pool of potential partners to a small number of candidates; final stage is marriage, which only one person goes through

Parenting style - authoritarian/brick wall

Parental control, impose heavy rules and expect obedience, often using corporal punishment

Parenting style - authoritative/backbone

Warmth, support and positive control

Parenting style - permissive/jellyfish

Kids have more power than parents, few rules if any

Grieving process, coined by Dr. Kubler-Ross

1) Shock phase, numbness, crying, routine disrupted

2) Disorganization phase, venting and adjusting lifestyle

3) Reorganization phase, new routines established, moving on

Functions of family

1. Addition of new members

2. Physical care of members

3. Socialization of children

4. Social control of members

5. Motivating each other

6. Producing and consuming goods and services

Student part-time work

The younger a student starts working, the more detrimental that the effects are

Credentialism

Credentials, such as a degree or diploma, are only valued for the job opportunities they entail rather than their educational value.

Education inflation

More education is needed for some jobs than for the same jobs in the past

Bundling

Young couples sharing a bed, with a board placed between them or with their limbs tied into a bag to prevent premarital sex

One child policy

A program established by the Chinese government in 1979 to slow population growth in China; female fetuses were often aborted and female babies were often killed