enlightenment and revolution

Miguel Hidalgo

The parish priest who led a revolution in Mexico

Monroe Doctrine

signed in 1823; stated that European interference in Latin America is a threat to the United States

Haiti

This was the first independent state in Latin America

Simon Bolivar

Venezuelan creole who hoped to create the republic of Gran Colombia

Federal

system form of government in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Montesquieu

The US Constitution, namely the three branches, is based on the ideas of this philosophe

Joseph II

This monarch tried the hardest to implement Enlightened reforms, but ultimately failed

Catherine the Great

This monarch enjoyed discussing political and social issues, but pulled back on reforms after hearing of the French Revolution

Catholicism

the major religion in Latin America

Spain

The majority of Latin American countries were trying to liberate themselves from this European power

Voltaire

One of the leading philosophes of the Enlightenment, he lived at the court of Frederick the Great for a time

Creoles

Descendants of Europeans who were born in Latin America and lived there permanently; controlled land and businesses

Toussaint L'Ouverture

former slave and leader of the Haitian Revolution, he is sometimes referred to as the "Black Napoleon"

Great Britain

The Monroe Doctrine was backed by this European country and their powerful navy

Lexington and Concord were the first battles of the

American Revolution

Denis Diderot

One of the leading philsophes of the Enlightenment, he lived at the court of Catherine the Great for a time

Peninsulares

Spanish and Portuguese officials who lived temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain; hold all important positions

Prussia

their rulers, like Frederick the Great, emphasized military strength to make this country a European power in the 1700s

Russia

expanded their territory under Catherine the Great (at the expense of the peasants)

Maria Theresa

this monarch was not open to reforms, but tried to improve the conditions of serfs, and was the only female ruler in her family's dynasty

Enlightened Absolutism

form of government in which a monarch follows Enlightened principles while maintaining their royal power

Hanover

This dynasty was founded after Queen Anne died without an heir

Frederick the Great

Enlightened monarch of Prussia; abolished the use of torture, granted freedom of speech & press, and later invaded Austria

William Pitt the Elder

This Prime Minister had a forceful foreign policy and expanded the British Empire by acquiring Canada and India

Viceroy

Term for a regal official who runs a country or colony, in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory

Stamp Act

This required certain printed materials, such as legal documents and newspapers, to be taxed

Mestizos

Mixed European and Native American descent; largest, lowest social class made up of servants and laborers