Digestive System

What are the main functions of the stomach in digestion?

Churns and mixes food, aids protein digestion, produces acid, intrinsic factor, and reduces iron.

What is absorbed in the ileum of the small intestine?

Bile acids and vitamin B12.

What is the role of bile acids?

Aid lipid digestion by emulsifying fats.

What is produced by the pancreas to neutralize the duodenum?

Pancreatic juice.

How do carbohydrates get digested?

By salivary amylase in the mouth and pancreatic amylase in the small intestine.

What is the lock-and-key model of enzyme action?

Substrate fits perfectly into the active site of the enzyme.

What absorbs sugars and amino acids in the small intestine?

Cells of the small intestinal lining, which secrete them into the capillary.

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine secretion?

Exocrine secretes into a duct; endocrine secretes into the bloodstream.

What function does the liver serve in digestion?

Filters and detoxifies blood, regulates blood sugar, and produces bile.

What are the products of fat digestion and how are they absorbed?

Products are absorbed by intestinal cells and transported via lacteals.

What digestive enzymes are involved in protein digestion?

Pepsin, pancreatic trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatic peptidase.

What is the primary function of the colon?

Absorption of water and electrolytes, as well as bacterial and fatty acid metabolism.

What process moves food through the small intestine?

Peristalsis.

What is the primary role of the gallbladder?

Stores bile.

What are pancreatic lipase's role in digestion?

Digests fats in the small intestine.

What is intrinsic factor's role in the stomach?

Helps in the absorption of vitamin B12.

How does the body regulate blood sugar levels?

Through the secretion of insulin and glucagon by the pancreas.

What are the major steps of digestion in the correct order?

Mouth (physical breakdown), stomach (breakdown & enzymes), small intestine (breakdown & enzymes), large intestine (water absorption).