ENGLISH 2ND QUARTER

poetry

A type of literature that uses rhythmic and creative language to express emotions or ideas.

verse

a single line in a poem

stanza

a group of lines in a poem

meter

the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

poetic license

The freedom to break grammar or punctuation rules for effect.

onomatopoeia

Words that imitate sounds (e.g., boom, splash).

alliteration

Repeating the same beginning sounds (e.g., Peter Piper picked…).

rhyme

words with the same ending sound

shape poem

A poem written so the words create a visual shape related to the poem's subject.

acrostic poem

A poem where the first letter of each line spells a word or phrase.

haiku

A traditional Japanese poem consisting of three lines with a 5-7-5 syllable pattern.

ballad

A narrative poem, often set to music.

free verse

Poetry without a specific pattern or rhyme.

narrative poem

A poem that tells a story.

limerick

A humorous five-line poem with a specific rhyme scheme (AABBA).

iambic pentameter

A line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable.

simile

comparing two things using like or as

metaphor

a direct comparison, w/o using like or as

personification

Giving human qualities to non-human things.

hyperbole

exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

oxymoron

A figure of speech with contradictory terms.

irony

Expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite.

euphism

A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt.

pun

a fun play on words

anaphora

Repeating the same phrase at the beginning of lines.

apostrophe

Talking to someone or something that isn’t present.

synecdoche

Using a part to represent a whole (e.g., wheels = car).

metonymy

Using something related to represent the thing (e.g., pen = writing).

allusion

Referring to something well-known (e.g., He’s a Romeo).

exposition

part of the story that introduces the setting and characters

climax

turning point or most intense moment of a story

conflict

involves the main struggle or problem faced by the characters

falling action

which part of the story shows events leading to the resolution

theme

what is the message or main idea that the author wants to convey in a story

characters

the people, animals, or beings who take part in the story’s action are known as

plot

is the series or events that make up a story

setting

this story element describes where and when the story takes place

rising action

in which part of the story does the conflict begin to build up, leading to the climax?

resolution

end of the story, where the conflict is resolved

protagonist

the main character in a story is called

antagonist

the character that opposes the main character is known as

first person

when the story is told from a character’s perspective using “I” or '“we” is written in _____ pov

third person omniscient

pov where the narrator knows the thoughts of ALL characters

third person limited

when the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of only ONE character

mood

the overall feeling or atmosphere of a story is called

verbal irony

type of irony where it is the opposite of what is said

situational irony

discrepancy between appearance and reality

dramatic irony

the audience knows something that the characters do not.

prose

tells a story, idea, or
information in sentences and
paragraphs. Its language is similar
to how we communicate in real life.

drama

tells a story in prose or verse but is specifically written to be performed on stage.