Lecture on Infection, Inflammation, and Cirrhosis of the Liver

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to infection, inflammation, and cirrhosis of the liver based on the lecture notes.

What are the functional cells of the liver called?

Hepatocytes

What is enterohepatic recycling?

The process by which bile salts are reabsorbed in the ileum into the portal vein and returned to the liver.

What is the significance of bilirubin metabolism in the liver?

It is crucial for converting bilirubin into bile, aiding in waste excretion.

What is the main symptom of hyperbilirubinemia?

Jaundice, which causes yellowing of the skin and sclera.

What are the common causes of hepatocyte injury?

Decreased clotting factor synthesis, decreased detoxification activity, and increased accumulation of drugs.

Which viruses can cause hepatitis and potentially lead to liver inflammation?

Hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and G, as well as CMV and Epstein-Barr virus.

What is the most common cause of bile duct obstruction?

Gallstones.

What are the risk factors for liver failure?

Alcohol use disorder, excessive medications, high cholesterol, iron overload, and obesity.

What is the significance of the Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score?

It is used to stage cirrhosis and predict mortality.

What are the common symptoms of hepatitis A?

Fever, abdominal pain, malaise, loss of appetite, jaundice.

How is Hepatitis B transmitted?

Through blood products, body fluids, or sexual contact.

What distinguishes chronic hepatitis from acute hepatitis?

Chronic hepatitis inflammation and necrosis continue for 6 months or longer.

What is the main treatment approach for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?

Diet and exercise plan to promote weight loss.

What condition is characterized by a deficiency of the enzyme glucuronyl transferase?

Crigler-Najjar Syndrome.

What is hemochromatosis?

A genetic disorder characterized by excessive iron accumulation in the liver.

What is the role of the liver in detoxification?

The liver detoxifies ingested substances, drugs, and metabolizes them for excretion.

Name one important hormone synthesized by the liver.

Insulin-like growth factor 1.

What are the symptoms of alcoholic liver disease?

RUQ pain, nausea, malaise, liver enlargement, jaundice.

What is the treatment for hepatic encephalopathy?

Nonabsorbable disaccharides like lactulose, which bind high ammonia levels.

How does cirrhosis affect bile synthesis?

It decreases bile synthesis, leading to problems with fat digestion.

What causes jaundice in liver disease?

Hyperbilirubinemia, which occurs due to decreased conjugation of bilirubin.