Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Vocabulary flashcards for Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells lecture.

Prokaryotes

Cells without organelles.

Eukaryotes

Cells with organelles.

Genetic Material (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes)

Genetic material composed of DNA.

Prokaryotes Cell Division

Cell division by binary fission.

Eukaryotes Cell Division

Cell division by Mitosis.

Cell Wall (Prokaryotes)

Peptidoglycan in Bacteria, Pseudomurein in Archaea.

Cell Wall (Eukaryotes)

Cellulose or Chitin.

Fimbriae

Hairlike appendages that allow for attachment.

Pili

Involved in motility (gliding and twitching motility).

Sporulation/sporogenesis

Endospore formation.

Germination

Endospore returns to vegetative state.

Osmotic pressure

The pressure needed to stop the movement of water across the membrane.

Active Transport

Movement of a solute from lower concentration to higher concentration (against the concentration gradient).

Simple diffusion

Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Facilitated diffusion

Solute combines with a transporter protein in the membrane.

Cell Wall

Prevents osmotic lysis and protects the plasma membrane, composed of peptidoglycan (in bacteria), polymer of a disaccharide N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM).

Osmosis

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water.

Glycocalyx

Polysaccharide and/or polypeptide layer outside the cell wall, viscous and gelatinous, sticky, allows cell to attach, contribute to virulence, capsules prevent phagocytosis.