Ground school week 2

only instrument panel stuff rest is in notes

pitot static system

pitot pressure combines static and dynamic pressure

static port on back of pitot tube or side of aircraft

static pressure is ambient pressure at altitude

dynamic pressure is from moving air

Altimeter - connected to static port

if static port fails altimeter will not work

sealed aneroid wafers in plastic casing

static port attached to casing

altitude decreases, pressure increases, wafer expands, dials move

altimetry terms

indicated altitude - what is shown on altimeter

pressure altitude - height above sea level

density altitude - pressure corrected for non standard temps

true altitude - above sea level

absolute altitude - above ground level

calculate altimeter

29.92- current altimeter setting x 1000 + indicated altitude

altimeter errors - pressure, temp

FROM HIGH TO LOW LOOK OUT BELOW(pressure)

going from low pressure to high pressure areas the altimeter will tell you you are higher than you actually are

FROM HOT TO COLD DONT BE BOLD (temp)

going from colder to hotter temps you will once again descend without knowing and be lower than altimeter shows

high density preform good

low density preform bad

preforms good in cold than in hot weather

Vertical speed indicator - static

casing is indirectly connected to static port making a calibrated leak that slowly allows pressure equalize at a known rate

rate of change in diaphragm results in rate of change in ALTITUDE

static system fails the VSI will not work

airspeed indicator - pitot static

one system fails it still has the other one

measures difference between pitot and static pressure

pitot tube connected to diaphragm and static port connected to case

airspeed terms

calibrated airspeed - IAS corrected for instrument errors

true airspeed - actual speed through air

indicated airspeed - reading from indicator

airspeed indications

Vx - best angle of climb speed

Vy - best rate of climb speed

Va - best maneuvering speed

pitot static errors

all instruments o this kind will have some lag because they all rely on air pressure to work

Gyroscopic system

attitude indicator - rigidity in space used by vaccum

heading indicator - rigidity in space used by vaccum

turn coordinator - precession powered electrically