General Biology Exam 1 review/study guide

A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a

hypothesis

Which of the following sciences is not considered a natural science?

a. biology
b. astronomy
c. physics
d. computer science

computer science

Biology is...

The study of life

The type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is called

inductive reasoning

Which of the following characteristics of life is defined as maintaining internal conditions to ensure an organism's internal systems work properly?

Homeostasis

The process of ________ helps to ensure that a scientist's research is original, significant, logical, and thorough

peer review

Which of the following subatomic particles is incorrectly matched with their charge?
a. Proton: +
b. Electron: -
c. Neutron: -
d. Neutron: no charge

Neutron: -

A neutron has a ______ charge

neutral (no charge)
mass (amu): 1

an electron has a ________ charge

negative
mass (amu): 0

a proton has a ________ charge

positive
mass (amu): 1

The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of "living" is the ________.

cell

Viruses are not considered living because they ________.

are not made of cells

The presence of a membrane-enclosed nucleus is a characteristic of

eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

Contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.

prokaryotic cell

cell that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area is called a

population

hierarchy of biological organization from the most inclusive to the least complex level

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle

mass number

the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus

(ELECTRONS ARE NOT INCLUDED)

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

hydrogen bond

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom;
weak chemical bond

covalent bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule ;strongest chemical bond

Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Water is polar.
b. Water stabilizes temperature.
c. Water is essential for life.
d. It expands in volume when in its liquid form

It expands in volume when in its liquid form.

What is a chemical bond?

the force that holds two atoms together

Which type of bond is the result of uneven sharing of electrons?

Polar covalent bond

When acids are added to a solution, the pH should

decrease

Which electrons are involved in chemical bonding?

Valence electrons

the densities of the states of water

Gas < solid < liquid

What ions does water spontaneously dissociate into?

H+ and OH

Properties of water

• strong hydrogen bonds
• high specific heat
• high boiling point
• needs a lot of energy to evaporate
• expands when freezes
• cohesion
• adhesion
• excellent solvent
•solid is less dense than liquid

Which of the following is not a property of water?
a) Cohesion
b) Temperature stabilization
c) Expansion when frozen H2O is melted
d) Universal solvent

Expansion when frozen H2O is melted

The meniscus formed in a graduated cylinder is an example of which property of water?

Adhesion

Adhesion

An attraction between molecules of DIFFERENT substances

Cohesion

Attraction between molecules of the SAME substance

acids and bases will __________ each other

neutralize

Each carbon atom can bond with as many as________ other atom(s) or molecule(s).

FOUR

Octet rule

States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons

A hydrogen bond is

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

hydrophilic

Attracted to water

Which of the following would be considered hydrophilic?

a. A polar substance b. A nonpolar substance c. An ionic substance d. Both a and c e. Both b and c

a polar substance AND an ionic substance

Dehydration synthesis leads to formation of

water and polymers

Dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.

During the breakdown of polymers, which of the following reactions takes place?

hydrolysis

Cellulose and starch are examples of

polysaccharides

Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance?

cellulose

carboxyl

O=C-OH

carbonyl

C=O

Sulfhydryl

R-SH

hydroxyl

R-O-H

methyl

R-CH3

amino

H-N-H

Phosphate

PO4 charge -3

What is the name of the special class of molecules that include the following functional group in their structure?

Amino acids

Which of the following is not an extracellular matrix role of carbohydrates?

a. protect an insect's internal organs from external trauma
b. prevent plant cells from lysing after the plant is watered
c. maintain the shape of a fungal spore
d. provide energy for muscle movement

provide energy for muscle movement

Saturated fats have all of the following characteristics except:
a. they are solid at room temperature
b. they have single bonds within the carbon chain
c. they are usually obtained from animal sources
d. they tend to dissolve in water easily

they tend to dissolve in water easily

The monomers that make up proteins are called

amino acids

The α-helix and the β-pleated sheet are part of which protein structure?

secondary

A nucleotide of DNA may contain

deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group

adenine pairs with

thymine in DNA
and uracil in RNA

Guanine pairs with

Cytosine

The building blocks of nucleic acids are

nucleotides

Dehydration synthesis leads to formation of

water and polymers

The following chemical reactants produce the ester ethyl ethanoate (C4H8O2):C2H6O + CH3COOHWhat type of reaction occurs to make ethyl ethanoate?

condensation

An example of a monosaccharide is

fructose, glucose, galactose

Cellulose and starch are examples of:

polysaccharides

Lactose is a disaccharide formed by the formation of a ________ bond between glucose and ________.

glycosidic; galactose

Which of the following is not an extracellular matrix role of carbohydrates?

provide energy for muscle movement

Saturated fats are ____ at room temperature

solid (ex. butter)

Saturated fats DO NOT

tend to dissolve in water easily

Phospholipids are important components of ________.

the plasma membrane of animal cells

Cholesterol is an integral part of plasma membranes. Based on its structure, where is it found in the membrane?

within the tail bilayer

If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have?

54

atoms that vary in the number of neutrons found in their nuclei are called ________.

isotopes

Potassium has an atomic number of 19. What is its electron configuration?

shells 1, 2 and 3 are full and shell 4 has one electron

Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?

hydrogen bond

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Water is the most abundant molecule in the Earth's atmosphere.

We call a molecule that binds up excess hydrogen ions in a solution a

base

TRUE OR FALSE
Acids and bases will neutralize each other

True

Each carbon molecule can bond with as many as________ other atom(s) or molecule(s).

four

Which of the following is not a functional group that can bond with carbon?

sodium

The first forms of life on Earth were ____.

microorganisms

A suggested and testable explanation for an event is called a ___.

hypothesis

Which of the following sciences is not considered a natural science?

computer science

The type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is called ____.

inductive reasoning

The process of ____ helps to ensure that a scientist's research is original, significant, logical, and thorough.

peer review

A person notices that her houseplants that are regularly exposed to music seem to grow more quickly than those in rooms with no music. As a result, she determines that plants grow better when exposed to music. This example most closely resembles which type of reasoning?

inductive reasoning

The smallest unit of biological structure that meets the functional requirements of "living" is the

cell

Viruses are not considered living because they

are not made of cells

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area is called a(n) _____.

population

Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the most inclusive to the least complex level?

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organism

If a double-stranded DNA sample were composed of 20% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?

30%

You have a solution that has a pH of 7. You add an unknown liquid to that solution. When you check the solution again, it has a pH of 6. Based on this observation, you can assume that the liquid was __________________.

acidic

All of the following are examples of physical sciences, with the exception of ___________.
Astronomy
Geology
Biology
Chemistry

Biology

Which of the following sequences represent the hierarchy of biological organization from the most inclusive to the least complex level?

organ systems, organs, tissues, cells

Giraffes have very long necks that allow them to feed from the tops of trees. This increases their chances of surviving to reproductive age. Knowing this, we can characterize the long necks in giraffes as a(n) ______________________.

adaptation

True or False: The scientific method can be used to prove that a hypothesis is correct.

False

Domains

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

There are three domains. Which of the listed is not one of those three domains?
Eukarya
Archaea
Bacteria
Prokarya

Prokarya

Put the following parts of a scientific paper in order from 1-6.

1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Methods
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Literature Cited

The following excerpt is from a scientific paper from Curtis et al. (2013). From which part of the paper was this section taken from?
"Bull Sharks were captured either with rod and reel or on a 305-m-long 50-hook (12/0 Mustad circle hooks) bottom longline baited with cut pieces of fresh or frozen fish. Soak times varied between 20 and 65 min. Once captured, sharks were measured to the nearest centimeter of straight-line fork length (FL), and then tagged through the first dorsal fin with a rototag (Dalton ID, Henley-on Thames, UK), supplied by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Apex Predators Program. Continuous ultrasonic transmitters (Vemco V16-4H and V16-6H, 51-81 kHz, pulse period 1.5 s) were attached externally to sharks by a tether of monel wire wrapped to the stem of the rototag. The transmitter trailed between the first and second dorsal fins of the shark as it swam. "

Methods

This prompt is taken from a scientific publication by Møller (1995). What section of the paper is it from?
The observations and the petal-cutting experiments revealed that bumblebees preferred symmetrical and perhaps large flowers over small and asymmetrical ones. The preference for symmetrical flowers could either be mediated through a low nectar production being associated with petal asymmetry, asymmetrical nectar guides being associated with petal asymmetry, or both... The association between flower asymmetry and first bumblebee visitation rates of E. angustifolium may indicate that there are fitness benefits associated with floral symmetry.

Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion

Results