2 - MEMBRANE PROTEINS, CYTOSKELETON, AND GLYCOCALYX

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10 Terms

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Intrinsic (Integral) membrane proteins

α-helices or β-barrels. Form channels, and can be glycosylated

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Peripheral (extrinsic) membrane proteins

loosely attached to the membrane surface via polar interactions or by binding to integral proteins. Signaling or structural roles

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Lipid-anchored membrane proteins

Covalently linked to a lipid and embedded. Mobile. signaling or transient interactions

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Cytoskeleton composition

  1. Microfilaments

  2. Intermediate filaments

  3. Microtubules

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Microfilaments composition and function

  1. Composition - Actin

  2. Function - Support, contraction, movement, streaming. Polymerization via ATP

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Intermediate filaments composition and function

  1. Composition - Spectrin

  2. Function - Strength and interact with scafold proteins

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Microtubules composition and function

  1. Composition - Alpha and beta tubulin

  2. Function - intracellular transport, cell division, and structure. GTP driven.

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Glycocalyx Location

Carbohydrate-rich zone on the outer membrane leaflet

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Glycocalyx structure

Polysaccharides from glycoproteins (both integral and peripheral) and glycolipids (e.g., cerebrosides, globosides, gangliosides)

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Glycocalyx function (6)

  1. Cell-cell recognition

  2. Contact inhibition

  3. Intercellular adhesion

  4. Communication

  5. Migration

  6. Defense against cancer (altered in cancer cells and can be immune-targeted)