Exam 1

Outcome avoidance oriented

A type of achievement goal where the individual aims to prevent negative results, such as losing.

Trait approach

A personality approach that emphasizes stable characteristics influencing behavior across different situations.

False

The statement that the perception of one’s stressors does not matter as much as the amount of stress placed upon them is incorrect. (true or false)

OCEAN

A mnemonic for the Big 5 Model of Personality: Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

State anxiety

A type of anxiety that refers to temporary feelings of anxiety experienced in specific situations.

Disruptors of flow

Factors that interrupt a psychological state of focus and engagement, such as inappropriate focus or performance going poorly.

Positive reinforcement

A method of encouraging desired behaviors by providing rewards after the behavior is exhibited.

Negative reinforcement

A method of encouraging a behavior by removing an aversive stimulus when the behavior occurs.

True

The study by Rathschlag and Memmert found that athletes can induce emotions that impact performance. (true or false)

Trait-centered view

A perspective that motivates behavior primarily through individual characteristics.

Interactional view

A perspective that suggests behavior is influenced by both personal and situational factors.

Situation-centered view

A perspective that indicates motivation is primarily determined by situational factors.

Social-psychological orientation

An approach to sport psychology focusing on how a leader's style fosters group cohesion.

False

The assertion that a state of “Flow” is a special case of extrinsic motivation is incorrect. (true or false)

Trait approach to personality

Describes personality as a combination of stable traits that influence behavior across different contexts.

Qualitative research

A research method that is gaining more attention in the field of Sport and Exercise Psychology.

Reversal Theory

A theory that suggests an individual's interpretation of their arousal level affects their performance.

Flow state

A mental state in which a person is fully immersed in an activity, displaying high levels of focus and involvement.

Physical ailment that is mentally induced

A psychosomatic disease.

Adoption

A factor not included in the RE-AIM model.

False

It is inaccurate that the three needs in self-determination theory include connectedness; they include competence, autonomy, and relatedness. (true or false)

Drive Theory

A theory that suggests arousal increases performance; too much or too little arousal can hinder performance.

Inverted-U Theory

A theory suggesting that performance increases with arousal to an optimal point before declining.

Cognitive and emotional

Describes the two types of demands in the definition of stress in the context of performance.