Exam 1

Chapter 4

Question 1: What type of achievement goal is this: I would hate to lose against NC State in football.

  1. Mastery approach oriented

  2. Mastery avoidance oriented

  3. Outcome approach oriented

  4. Answer: Outcome avoidance oriented


Chapter 3

Question 2: Coach Collins tells his soccer team that he blames last week’s loss solely on the players’ lack of motivation, laziness at practice, and lackadaisical personalities. What personality approach is he using for his coaching style?

  1. Interactional approach

  2. Situational approach

  3. Answer: Trait approach

  4. Psychodynamic approach


Chapter 5

Question 3: True or False: The perception of one’s stressors does not matter as much as the amount of stress placed upon them.

Answer: False


Grayson Derby

Chapter 3

Question: What does “OCEAN” stand for in the Big 5 Model of Personality Components?

  1. Openness to exposure, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

  2. Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

  3. Openness to experience, confidence, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

  4. Openness to exposure, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, negativity

Answer: B


Chapter 5

Question: State anxiety refers to a stable personality disposition that remains constant over time.

  1. True

  2. False

Answer: B


Chapter 7

Question: Which of the following is NOT a disruptor of flow?

  1. Inappropriate focus

  2. Performance going poorly

  3. Lack of confidence

  4. Positive team play and interactions

Answer: D


Katy Nolan

Chapter 7

Question 1: Which is NOT an effective reinforcement of desirable behavior?

  1. Receiving praise from a coach

  2. Conditioning athletes for continuously failing a drill in practice

  3. Taking the entire team to watch a professional game

  4. Coach allowing a rest day between practices and games

Answer: B


Chapter 5

Question 2: A study by Rathschlag and Memmert found that athletes can induce emotions (e.g. anger and happiness can lead to increased performance & sadness and anxiety can lead to decreased performance)

  1. True

  2. False

Answer: True


Chapter 4

Question 3: Match the three approaches of motivation to their corresponding definitions.

Three approaches of motivation → Trait-centered view / Situation-centered view / Interactional view

  1. Motivation results neither from participant factors nor solely from situational factors, rather, behavior is influenced by both 

  2. Motivated behavior is primarily a function of individual characteristics 

  3. Motivation level is determined primarily by situation

Answer: trait-centered view → B; interactional view → A; situation-centered view → C


Grace Caudill

Chapter 2

Question 1: How a leader’s style and strategies foster group cohesion is an example of which sport and exercise psychology approach?


  1. Psychophysiological orientation

  2. Social-psychological orientation

  3. Performance orientation

  4. Cognitive-behavioral orientation

Answer: B


Question 3: True or False? A state of “Flow” is a special case of extrinsic motivation that should be constantly strived for by athletes to enhance their performance. 

Answer: False 



Question submitter name: Isaiah Borders

Lecture name: Chapter 3 - Personality and Sport

Question: Which of the following best describes the trait approach to personality?

  1. Personality is shaped primarily by unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.

  2. Personality develops through interactions with the environment and learned behaviors.

  3. Personality consists of stable characteristics that influence behavior across different situations.

  4. Personality is determined by stages of cognitive development throughout life.

Answer: C) Personality consists of stable characteristics that influence behavior across different situations.


Lecture name: Chapter 3 - Personality and Sport

Question: Which of the following is NOT one of the five major personality traits in the Big Five Model?

  1. Conscientiousness

  2. Neuroticism

  3. Intelligence

  4. Openness

Answer: C) Intelligence


Lecture name: Chapter 4 - Motivation

Question: In the context of motivation, direction and intensity of effort refer to:

  1. The external rewards that drive behavior.

  2. How consistent and strong an individual's effort is toward a goal.

  3. The unconscious desires that influence decision-making.

  4. A person's ability level and skill development.

Answer: B) How consistent and strong an individual's effort is toward a goal.





Addison Cowan

Lecture: Chapter 1: Welcome to Sport and Exercise Psychology

Question:  Who is known as the “father of North American applied sport psychology” and one of the first to start consulting in this field?

  1. Bruce Ogilvie

  2. Franklin Henry

  3. Coleman Griffith

  4. Norman Tripplett


Answer: A. Bruce Ogilvie


Lecture: Chapter 2: Science and professional Practice of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Question: True/False Social-psychological orientation is behavior determined by both the environment and thoughts


Answer: False - Cognitive-behavioral orientation


Lecture: Chapter 7: Feedback, Reinforcement, and Intrinsic Motivation

Question: An individual that was intrinsically motivated would say…

  1. “If I don’t perform well, my coach will be disappointed”

  2. “I want to make my family proud”

  3. “I need to keep my starting spot on the team”

  4. “I like going to practice to improve my skills” 


Answer: D. “I like going to practice to improve my skills” 




Valerie White

Lecture: Chapter 5: Arousal-Performance Relationship

Question: Which theory depends on an individual’s interpretation of their arousal level?

  1. Drive Theory

  2. Multidimensional Anxiety Theory

  3. Catastrophe Phenomenon 

  4. Reversal Theory

Answer: D. Reversal Theory

Lecture: Chapter 2: Professional Practice of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Question: Which kind of research method is receiving more attention in the field of Sport and Exercise Psychology?

  1. Qualitative research

  2. Specialization

  3. Multidisciplinary research

  4. Quantitative research

Answer: A. Qualitative research


Lecture: Chapter 7: Feedback, Reinforcement, and Intrinsic Motivation

Question: Which one is NOT an element of “flow state”?

  1. Clear goals

  2. More self-consciousness

  3. Effortless movement

  4. Complete absorption in the activity

Answer: B. More self-consciousness



Caroline Goforth

Lecture: Chapter 1 Welcome to Sport and Exercise Psychology

Questions: Which one of these below is NOT a role within sport psychology?

  1. Research

  2. Coaching

  3. Teaching

  4. Consulting


Answer: B


Lecture: Chapter 3: Personality and Sport

Questions: Which type of personality structure changes depending on your social situation?

  1. Psychological Core

  2. Typical Response

  3. Role Related Response


Answer: C


True/False Does the Drive Theory State that arousal or state anxiety decreases performance levels?


Answer: False–drive theory states that arousal or state anxiety increases performance levels









Makayla Dinesman 

Lecture Chapter Four: Motivation 

Question: True or false: the following action is representative of one’s intensity of effort - trying out for the tennis team 

Answer: False - the action is more representative of one’s direction of effort rather than intensity of effort as it relates to motivation 


Lecture Chapter Five: Arousal-Performance Relationship 

Question: stress is defined as a substantial imbalance between ______ and _______ demands placed on an individual and his or her response capability under conditions in which failure to meet demands had important consequences 

Answer: 

  1. Cognitive and emotional 

  2. Answer: Physical and psychological 

  3. Environmental and physical 

  4. Mental and social 


Lecture Chapter Seven: Feedback, Reinforcement, and Intrinsic Motivation

Question: Following a bad play, a coach yells “go run a lap!” this is an example of 

Answer: 

  1. Answer: Positive punishment 

  2. Negative punishment 

  3. Positive reinforcement 

  4. Negative reinforcement 



Ellie Sudduth

Lecture Chapter Two: Science and Professional Practice of Sport and Exercise Psych

Question: Which of the following is NOT a factor of the RE-AIM model?

Answer:

  1. Adoption

  2. Reach

  3. Implementation

  4. Answer: Alternative


Lecture Chapter 4: Motivation

Question: True or false, the 3 needs that satisfy the self-determination theory are competence, autonomy, and social connectedness/belonging

Answer:

  1. Answer: True

  2. False


Lecture Chapter 7: Feedback, Motivation and Intrinsic Motivation

Question: Select the following statement(s) that are TRUE (could be multiple).

Answer:

  1. Answer: Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of repeating a behavior by adding something to encourage the behavior

  2. Positive reinforcement is only given when someone does something good.

  3. Answer: Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of repeating a behavior by taking away something to encourage a behavior.

  4. Negative reinforcement is given when someone does something bad 




Question Submitter Name: Josh Moon

Lecture Name: Motivation- Part 1

Question: The difference between the direction of effort and intensity of effort in regards to motivation is that…

  1. direction of effort refers to how much effort that someone puts forth in a certain situation, and the intensity of effort refers to whether an individual seeks out, approaches, or is attracted to situations. 

  2. direction of effort refers to whether an individual is approached by others and is sought out by others for their performance, and intensity of effort refers to how much effort someone puts forth in a situation.  

  3. direction of effort refers to whether someone seeks out, approaches, or is attracted to situations, and intensity of effort refers to how much effort someone puts forth in a situation. 

  4. There is no significant difference between the direction and intensity of effort, and they largely refer to similar things. 


Answer: C) direction of effort refers to whether someone seeks out, approaches, or is attracted to situations, and intensity of effort refers to how much effort someone puts forth in a situation.


Lecture Name: Arousal-Performance Relationship

Question: True/False: In the catastrophe model of the effects of arousal and anxiety on performance, low cognitive anxiety describes physiological arousal as related to performance similar to the inverted-U model, and high cognitive anxiety describes physiological arousal as detrimental to performance after a certain threshold. 


Answer: True


Lecture Name: Intrinsic Motivation- Part 2

Question: Which of the following would be considered a disruptor for achieving flow? 

  1. A lack of physical preparedness 

  2. Being motivated to perform

  3. Being at the ideal level of arousal

  4. Having positive team play and performing well


Answer: A) A lack of physical preparedness 


Carly Swanton

Chapter 5

Question: Chloe is a student athlete and finds herself very nervous before big games, despite feeling confident during practices and in nonathletic settings. Chloe is most likely experiencing:

  1. Low arousal

  2. Trait anxiety

  3. State anxiety 

  4. None of the above

Answer: C

Chapter 4

Question: When Amaka is running slow during drills in basketball practice, her coach mumbles under her breath, “That girl is so lazy”. Which of the following best describes her coach’s view of motivation?

  1. Trait-centered view

  2. Interactional view

  3. Situation-centered view

  4. Psychodynamic view

Answer: A

Podcast How to Breathe Better

Question: True or False: Podcast guest James Nestor believes learning how to hold breath for long periods is a mostly physical process.

Answer: False





Question Submitter Name: Bailey Allen 

Lecture: Chapter 1

Question 1: All of the following statements are true characteristics regarding a clinical sports psychologist except?

  1. Are licensed psychologists 

  2. Have training in physical education, kinesiology, or exercise and sports science.

  3. Are trained to help athletes with problems such as eating disorders and substance abuse 

  4. Are trained to work with people with severe emotional disorders 

Answer: B

 

Lecture Chapter 5

Question 2: True or False: Trait anxiety refers to “right now” feelings that change from moment to moment. 

  1. True 

  2. False 

Answer: B


Lecture Chapter 2

Question 3: Which of the following is not considered one of the three approaches to sport and exercise psychology?

  1. Social-psychological orientation 

  2. Developmental approach 

  3. Cognitive behavioral

  4. Psychophysiological orientation 

Answer: B 


Jack Palmer 


Lecture Chapter 7

Question 1: Which of the following is NOT a social factor that influences intrinsic motivation?

  1. Coach’s behavior

  2. Scholarships

  3. Focus of competition

  4. Success and Failure

Answer: B


Question 2: At what age does social comparison begin to emerge in the stages of developing achievement motivation and competitiveness?

  1. Teenager

  2. Child

  3. Adolescent

  4. Adult

Answer: C


Question 3: What is a psychosomatic disease?

  1. A mental illness that is mentally induced

  2. Physical ailment that is mentally induced

  3. Physical ailment that is physically induced

  4. None of the above

Answer: B



Kaylee Chesnutt

Lecture name: Chapter 1

Question 1: True or False: "Sports Psychology” is the correct spelling.

  1. True

  2. False

Answer: b. False, the correct way to spell it is “Sport Psychology”

 

Lecture name: Chapter 2

Question 2: Fill in the blank: Scientifically derived knowledge is knowledge gained through _________, while professional practice knowledge is knowledge gained through ____________.

Answer: what is learned in school; experience


Lecture name: Chapter 2

Question 2: Which of the following is NOT an example of a "typical response”?

  1. Being shy

  2. A person’s religious values

  3. Always responding negatively to any compliment

  4. Being happy-go-lucky

Answer: b. A person’s religious values





Jada Foxx 


Chapter 1

Question #1: (True or False); Coleman Griffith is known as “The Father of Modern Sport Psychology”, and established the 1st research laboratory for sports psychology. 

A: True



Chapter 3

Question #2: Which personality trait(s) are on the internally determined side of the continuous spectrum?

  1. Situational Approach 

  2. Trait Approach 

  3. Phenomenological Approach

  4.  Psychodynamic Approach 

A: B & D


Chapter #7

Question #3: What is “flow” and how does it affect individuals? 

  1. A special case of extrinsic motivation, and is a state where external rewards drive performance, rather than the internal sense of enjoyment/engagement 

  2.  A special case of intrinsic motivation, and is a psychological state of focus and engagement but does not involve full absorption 

  3.  A special case of intrinsic motivation, and is a holistic intrinsically motivating sensation that occurs when one is fully engaged/absorbed 

  4.  A special case of extrinsic motivation where an individual engages in tasks with high efficiency and concentration due to the presence of others 

Answer: C



Emma Spencer

Chapter 3: What is the main difference between task-oriented and ego-oriented athletes?

  1. Task-oriented athletes focus on self-improvement, while ego-oriented athletes compare themselves to others

  2. Ego-oriented athletes only compete in team sports

  3. Task-oriented athletes always perform better

  4. Ego-oriented athletes are always less motivated

Answer: A

Chapter 4: Which theory suggests that performance increases with arousal up to a certain point, then declines?

  1. Drive Theory

  2. Inverted-U Theory

  3. Catastrophe Model

  4. Reversal Theory

Answer: B

Chapter 5: What does social evaluation theory say about competition?

  1. Competition happens when one’s performance is compared to a standard in the presence of others

  2. Athletes perform worse when they are alone

  3. Athletes must have external motivation to compete

  4. Team sports are always more competitive than individual sports

Answer: A


Question submitter name: Leslie Lopez  

Lecture Name: Chapter 7 - Part 1 

Question: Which of the following recommendations for efficient punishment is most likely to foster a good learning environment that corresponds with the concepts of feedback, reinforcement, and intrinsic motivation in sports?

  1. Punish the individual personally rather than addressing the behavior itself, to ensure accountability.

  2. The main strategy for motivating athletes and controlling undesirable behavior is punishment.

  3. Use physical activities as punishment to deter negative behavior.

  4. Avoid utilizing physical punishment and make sure that all athletes receive the same kind of discipline for the same behavior.

Answer: D) Avoid utilizing physical punishment and make sure that all athletes receive the same kind of discipline for the same behavior.


Lecture Name: Chapter 4 Motivation - Part 2

Question: True or False - The achievement motivation theory states that high achievers feel competent and are motivated to avoid difficult activities because they tend to blame internal factors for their failures.

Answer: False 


Lecture Name: Chapter 3 Personality and Sport 

Question: Which of the following best describes the situational approach to personality's main weakness in sports psychology?

  1. It overlooks the impact of the outside world and concentrates too much on unconscious motivations.

  2. It assumes that behavior is entirely determined by stable traits and does not account for changes in response to situational factors.

  3. It only considers how the context or environment affects behavior, ignoring the athlete's internal personal characteristics.

  4. It dismisses the variations in individual responses and implies that every athlete will respond in the same manner to the same situational conditions.

Answer: C) It only considers how the context or environment affects behavior, ignoring the athlete's internal personal characteristics.


Question submitter name: Janey Dewar 

Question 1: from chapter 4

According to Chapter 4 of, which of the following is a key difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?


  1. Intrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards, while extrinsic motivation is driven by internal satisfaction

  2. Intrinsic motivation is influenced by the enjoyment and satisfaction of the activity itself, while extrinsic motivation is influenced by external rewards or outcomes

  3. Extrinsic motivation leads to long term commitment, while intrinsic motivation leads to short term engagement

  4. Intrinsic motivation can be easily controlled, while extrinsic motivation is uncontrollable

Answer: B


Question 2: from chapter 1

True or False: Sport and exercise psychology focuses only on the mental aspects of athletes’ performance and does not consider physical factors in their training.


Answer: False It examines both the mental and physical aspects of performance, including how psychological factors influence physical performance and vice versa


Question 3: from chapter 5

According to the ___ theory, there is an optimal level of arousal for peak performance, and too much or too little arousal can negatively affect performance. 


Answer: Inverted U-curve



Haley Haeger

Lecture Name: Chapter 4

Question: Which theory aligns with this definition?: An interactional view that considers both personal and situational factors as important predictors of behavior. It consists of personality factors, situational factors, resultant tendencies, emotional reactions, and achievement behavior

  1. Need achievement theory

  2. Attribution theory

  3. Achievement goal theory

  4. Competence motivation theory

Answer: A


Lecture Name: Chapter 3

Question: According to William Morgan, athletes with positive mental health will score high on which trait on their iceberg profile?

  1. Anger

  2. Tension

  3. Vigor

  4. Fatigue

Answer: C


Lecture Name: Lecture 1

Question: What do the ABCs stand for in psychology?

  1. Alienation, burnout, caffeine dependence 

  2. Antecedent, belittling, consequence 

  3. Avoidance, breakdown, coping

  4. Affect, behavior, cognitions 

Answer: D


Dakota Bagaasen

Lecture Name: Using Data to Win Gold

Question: What role does data play in helping athletes stay motivated during training?

  1. It takes away the need for internal motivation by creating training plans

  2. It offers real-time feedback to track improvements and adjust technique

  3. It ensures each athlete trains the same way regardless of differences

  4. It focuses only on physical performance, ignoring other factors like mental and emotional

Answer: B

Lecture Name: Arousal-Performance Relationship

Question: How can arousal and anxiety impact an athlete’s performance?

  1. Anxiety always has a negative impact, while arousal always improves it

  2. High arousal and anxiety always lead to better performance due to increased focus

  3. Arousal and anxiety have no impact on performance

  4. The effect of arousal and anxiety depends on how the athlete perceives and manages them

Answer: D


Lecture Name: How to Breathe Better

Question: What is the mammalian dive reflex Nestor discusses?

  1. Survival mechanism that slows the heart rate when submerged in water

  2. Natural ability to breathe underwater for short periods

  3. Instinct to close eyes when underwater

  4. Reflex that increases lung capacity when exposed to water

Answer: A