BME Bone Composition Quiz

What is the periosteum and what is its two main functions?

fibrious sheath that covers bones; it allows one to remodel after fractures and prevents them from shattering

How does the periosteum support the bone? (2 parts)

uses blood vessels and nerves for nourishment and sensation

What is cortical bone? (3 parts)

gel-like connective tissue, inorganic salts, and space for osteocytes and bone cells

How does the cortical bone support bone cells?

it allows for their metabolism

What are osteons and where are they located?

cilindrical vessels in the cortical bone

What do osteons do?

maintain rigidity in bone

What is the structure of an osteon?

cilidrical vessel with canal in middle for movement of materials; canal surrounded by collagen rings called lamellae

How does the orientation of osteons benefit bone?

directly aligned with lines of stress in bone, preventing bending and fracturing

What is trabecular bone also known as?

spongy bone

What are osteocytes and where are they located?

in crooks called lacunae in the spongy bone

What are osteoprogenitor cells?

stem cells that form osteocytes and form structures in bone

What part of osteocytes allows them to exchange nutrients and where does this occur?

their extendable cytoplasms; in the gap junction when they’re near blood vessels

How are new red blood cells created in the bone?

through blood vessels traveling through inner cancellous bone and bone marrow

How is bone marrow formed?

through the constriction and condensing of blood vessels

What is myeloid tissue?

bone marrow

What is bone marrow useful for?

the production of red blood cells

What is the process of erythropoiesis?

stems cells in bone marrow → erythroblast (confirmed red blood cell) → reticulocyte which can enter blood strem → actual red blood cell

What are osteoclasts?

cells that break down and resorb bone tissue

What are osteoclasts derived from?

bonne marrow monocytes

How do osteocyte functions help bones?

they help maintain homeostasis by releasing calcium

What are osteoblasts?

cells that create new bone tissue

What are osteoblasts derived from?

blood vessel - like cells

What are osteioids?

organic component of bone made of calcium

How to osteoblasts work to make bone tissue?

crystalize minerals around collagen to make bone structure with calcium

What happens to osteoblasts when they become part of bone?

they imped into bone tissue and differentiate into osteocytes

What happens within the gap of bone when there is a bone fracture? (4 parts)

blood clot forms between the two parts; cartilage forms around site of fracture; new blood vessels form; osteoblasts create woven bone

What is hip dysplasia?

abnormal development of one or both hip joints

What is the acetabulum?

the “socket” of the hip joint

What is the femoral head?

the “ball” of the hip joint"

What is DDH and when does it occur?

developmental dysplasia of the hip; formed in early childhood

What is acetabular dysplasia?

develops in adolesence or adulthood; socket more stable but still presents issues

What is the skeletal system?

skeleton of bones where muscles can attatch; allow for structure in body

Wat are antagonistic pairs?

two muscles work in opposite directions to extend and retract

What are ligaments?

they conenct two bones

By what interval does the weight of body increase by?

cube of its dimensions

By what interval does the strenth of body increase by?

square of its dimensions

What is flexion?

brining knee towards or away from chest

What is adduction?

bringing let towards or crassing over midline

What is abduction?

pulling leg away from midline

What is external rotation?

rotating fumur head away from midline

what is internal rotation?

rotating femur head towards midline

What is anterior pelvic tilt?

top of pelvis tilts forward (arching back and pushing butt forward)

What is posterior pelvic tilt?

top of pelvis tilts backwards (rounding shouldars and tucking in butt)

What is lateral pelvic tilt?

tliting pelis side to side