[apbio] unit one

basic information, mainly definitions

cohesion

loves other water, creates surface tension

adhesion

loves polar substances

hydrolysis

water breaking down a bond

dehydration

remove water to form a bond

elements of carbohydrates

C,H,O

monomer of carbohydrates

monosaccharide

bond of carbohydrates

glycocidic linkage

(covalent)

polymer of carbohydrates

polysaccharide

cellulose

found in plant cell walls

structural polysaccharide

chitin

found in fungi cell walls and exoskeleton of antropods

structural polysaccharide

elements of lipids

C,H,O + P (in phospholipids)

bond of lipids

none! they are nonpolar and hydrophobic

monomer of lipids

fatty acids

fatty acids

long chain of hydrocarbon with carboxyl

saturated fatty acids

all single bonds, as number increases it becomes mores solid, each carbon is more saturated by hydrogen

unsaturated fatty acids

at least one double bonds, not all carbons are saturated as the number increases it becomes more liquid

phospholipids

forms lipid bilayers and cell membrane

elements of nucleic acids

C,H,O,N,P

monomer of nucleic acids

nucleotide

purines

adenine, guanine

pyrimidine

cytosine, uracil (RNA), thymine

elements of proteins

C,H,O,N,S

monomer of proteins

amino acids

bond of proteins

peptide bond

(covalent)

primary structure of proteins

peptide bonds between amino acids

structure: string of amino acids

secondary structure of proteins

hydrogen bonds between backbone

structure: alpha helix, beta pleated sheet

tertiary structure of proteins

any bond between r-groups

structure: finals 3D structure

quaternary structure of proteins

any bond between r-groups of different polypeptides