APUSH CH 12 - An age of reform

communities

ideal/utopian places which provided social and economic opportunities for those who seeked salvation

Shakers

a religious sect known for their communal living, celibacy, and unique worship practices, founded in the 18th century. Separated women and men in communal dorms

Oneida

a utopian community founded in the 19th century known for its practice of complex marriage and communal property.

communitarianism

the idea that with small communities and communally owned property society would become less competitive and individualistic

New Harmony

established by Robert Owen, communal experiment in Indiana. Aimed for social and economic equality

perfectionism

the idea that social ills once deemed incurable could be solved

temperance movement

a social movement aimed at reducing or prohibiting the consumption of alcohol, promoting moderation and abstinence.

common schools

tax supported state schools that were open to the public

American Colonization society

encouraged emigration of free blacks to Africa. Liberia was established as a homeland for them.

American anti-slavery society

an organization formed to advocate for the abolition of slavery in the United States, promoting immediate emancipation and equality for all.

moral suasion

a nonviolent approach to persuade individuals and society to change their views on issues, particularly regarding abolition and social reform.

uncle tom’s cabin

a novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that depicted the harsh realities of slavery and fueled anti-slavery sentiment in the United States.

“gentlemen of property and standing”

a term used to describe wealthy, influential men who opposed abolition, fearing economic and social disruption.

gag rule

rule adopted by the house of representatives that allowed them to completely ignore abolitionist petitions

Dorothea Dix

An American activist who advocated for the mentally ill and helped establish mental health facilities.

liberty party

A political party formed in 1840 that aimed to end slavery through political means and promote abolitionist principles.

William Lloyd Garrison

A prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer known for his radical stance against slavery and for founding the anti-slavery newspaper "The Liberator."

Abby Kelley

A prominent American abolitionist, teacher, and women's rights advocate, known for her passionate speeches and activism in the anti-slavery movement.

Horace Mann

An American educational reformer who advocated for the establishment of the “common school”, created the first real career opportunity for women

Angelina and Sarah Grimké

feminists and abolitionists who established a platform for women to later on speak on feminism

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

prominent feminists who created the Seneca Falls convention

Amelia Bloomer

came up with a “bloomer” costume that was unlike the typical corset, dress, and petticoats