Chemistry topic 1- Chemistry Patterns

What is a nucleus?

the dense central core of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

What is a proton?

A subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge, located in the nucleus of an atom.

What is a neutron?

A subatomic particle with no electrical charge located in the nucleus of an atom.

What is an electron?

A subatomic particle with a negative electrical charge, orbiting the nucleus of an atom.

What is the atomic number?

The number of protons in the nucleus, which is a characteristic of the element.

What is the mass number?

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Compare the mass of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Protons and Neutrons -roughly have the same mass of 1 amu

Electrons- barely have a mass but have a miniscule fraction of that mass.

compare the charge of electrons, protons and neutrons?

Electrons- negatively charged

Protons- positively charged

Neutrons- no charge

What is an Amu?

Atomic mass unit

What is the chemical symbol?

a letter or pair of letters used to represent an element.

What is an orbital?

The maximum probability of finding an electron in a specific region around the nucleus.

What is an orbit?

A fixed circular path around the nucleus where electrons revolve around the nucleus.

What is the difference between an orbital and an orbit?

An orbit is a fixed circular path while an orbital is a region of space where there is a maximum probability of finding an electron.

Types of orbitals

S

P

D

F

How many S orbitals are there?

1

How many electrons can one orbital hold?

Two electrons

How many P orbitals are there?

3

How many D orbitals are there?

5

How many F orbitals are there?

7

How many electrons can the S orbitals hold?

2

How many electrons can the P orbitals hold?

6

How many electrons can the D orbitals hold?

10

How many electrons can the F orbitals hold?

14

What rule is used to determine how many electrons each shell can hold?

2n²

What way do groups go in the periodic table?

Vertically

What way do periods go in the periodic table?

Horizontally

What do the periods show in the periodic table

The number of electron shells an element has.

What do the groups show in the periodic table

The number of valence electrons an element has.

What are the electrons on the outermost shells called?

Valence electrons

What is an isotope?

Atoms with the same atomic number but varying mass numbers meaning they have different numbers of neutrons present.

What is an Ion?

An atom or molecule with a positive or negative net charge.

How do neutral atoms become ions?

They become Ions by losing or gaining electrons to have a complete outer shell.

What is a positively charged ion called?

cation

What is a negatively charged ion called?

Anion

What is ionic bonding?

An electrostatic bond between a metal and a non-metal.

What are the different periodic trends?

Ionisation energy

Electronegativity

Atomic radius

Metal reactivity