human bio

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Last updated 4:43 AM on 2/24/25
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26 Terms

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Cell
The basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.
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Cell membrane
A physical barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
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Cytoplasm
The jelly-like substance within a cell, consisting of cytosol and organelles.
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Nucleus
The organelle that controls the functioning of the cell.
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Ribosomes
Organelles that serve as the site of protein synthesis.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
An organelle that forms channels and stores and transports molecules.
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Golgi body
An organelle that modifies and packages proteins.
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Vesicles
Membrane-bound sacs within the cell.
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Lysosomes
Organelles that contain digestive enzymes.
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Mitochondria
Organelles that are the site of cellular respiration.
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Cilia and flagella
Structures important for moving particles or cells.
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Simple diffusion
The movement of substances down their concentration gradient directly across the cell membrane.
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Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
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Facilitated transport
Transport that uses membrane proteins to help substances cross the membrane.
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Active transport
The movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.
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Vesicular transport
Transport involving membrane-bound sacs called vesicles.
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Endocytosis
The process that brings substances into the cell.
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Exocytosis
The process that removes substances from the cell.
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Surface-area-to-volume ratio
A measure that limits the size of cells based on their surface area relative to their volume.
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Tissue
A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.
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Epithelial tissue
Tissue that lines and covers organs.
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Connective tissue
Tissue that provides support and connection, including bone and cartilage.
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Muscular tissue
Tissue that can contract, either voluntarily or involuntarily.
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Nervous tissue
Tissue that makes up the brain and nerves and carries messages around the body.
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Organ systems
Groups of organs working together to fulfill specific functions in the body.
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Fluid mosaic model
A description of the cell membrane structure, detailing a phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.