classification of microbes: phylogeny

taxonomy

Is the science of classification based on similar characteristics

phylogeny

the study of evolutionary history or evolutionary relatedness of a group of organisms

What are the reasons that 16s rRNA is used to determine evolutionary relatedness?

Because Ribosomes are the only thing in all cells and we can use the ribosomes from the cells to determine evolutionary relatedness

domian archaea cell type

prokaryotic

domian archaea cell wall

varies in composition: contains no peptidoglycan

domian archaea membrane lipids

composed of branched carbon chains attached to glycerol by ether linkage

domian archaea first amino acid in protein synthesis

methionine

Is domian archaea antibiotic sensitive

no

domian archaea: rRNA loop and Common are of tRNA

lacking in both

domain bacteria cell type

prokaryotic

domain bacteria cell wall

contains peptidoglycan

domain bacteria membrane lipids

composed of straight carbon chains attached to glycerol by ester linkage

domain bacteria first amino acid in protein synthesis

formylmethonine

is domain bacteria antibiotic sensitive

yes

domain bacteria: rRNA loop, common arm of tRNA

both are present

domian eukarya cell type

eukaryotic

domian eukarya cell wall

varies in composition: contains carbohydrates

domian eukarya membrane lipids

composed of straight carbon chains attached to glycerol by ester linkage

domian eukarya first amino acids in protein synthesis

methionine

is domian eukarya antibiotic sensitive

no

domian eukarya: rRNA loop and Comman arm of tRNA

lacking rRNA loop

present in common arm of tRNA

Endosymbiotic Theory

Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells living inside one another

What are some additional ways in which bacteria are categorized?

-scientific (binomial) nomenclature: a system of scientific names, same system for all organisms

reclassification: Technological advances and continued research sometimes necessitates the reclassification of some organisms

-taxonomic hierarchy

-classification of prokaryotes

strain

a strain is a distinct genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus, that possesses unique characteristics differentiating it from other variants within the same species. Strains are essentially genetic variations that result in different physical and behavioral properties