Day 4 Network Architecture :Switching Technologies/Network Implementation Techniques

defining circuit-based networks, packet-based networks, network services, and implementation techniques.

What are the three phases of circuit switching?

Circuit Establishment, Data Transfer, Circuit Disconnect

True or False: Once the circuit is established, data is transmitted ​

with delays as there is a waiting time at each switch.

False

Name two disadvantages of circuit switching.

-Cannot be used to transmit any other data even if the channel is free​

Inefficient in terms of utilization of system resources​

-Dedicated channels require more bandwidth​

Time required to establish physical link between two stations is too long-

Define Packet Switching

• Process of breaking transmission down into multiple packets, ​

each potentially taking a different route to the destination network ​

• Packets can be received out of order and are reassembled at the destination​

List Packet Switching Advantages

• Efficient use of network resources (Connectionless; flexible routing)​

• Cost-effective ​

• Enables high data transmission​

• Reliable

List Packet Switching Disadvantages

• Requires a large amount RAM (Random Access Memory) ​

to handle a large amount of data communication in packets​

• Requires processing power to reconstruct packets​

• Protocol dependent (complex configurations)​

• Transmission delays

Circuit Switch WAN Technologies (Legacy, may be used outside the US)

PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network), ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), Leased Lines (T1, E1, T3, E3 Lines)

What is a converged network?

Packet based network capable of delivering data, voice, and video between many different types of devices over the same network infrastructure​

Define Multiprotocol Label Switching (WAN Technology used today)​

Routing technique designed to increase the speed and efficiency of network traffic by providing a more predictable method of routing data packets. Forwards network traffic based on labels instead of traditional routing tables. Can only go to routers with MPLS configurations on them.

List Multiprotocol Label Switching Advantages

• Increased control and enhanced ability to prioritize network traffic​

• Consistent and reliable performance ​

• Scalability​

• Improved security and privacy

List Multiprotocol Label Switching Disadvantages

• Greater complexity in implementation​

• Cost​

• Compatibility

Name 3 characteristics of packet switching? Briefly describe each.

-Connectionless: no connection is established before sending packets

-Dynamically routes packets

-Shares bandwidth among multiple users​

-Media Independent: operates independently of the medium carrying the data

True or False: In packet switching, the packets can be received out of​

order and are reassembled at the destination.​

True

Define Software Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN), List the 3 layers

SD WAN uses software to monitor the network and decide that best route for each type of data, does not replace a physical WAN. It has 3 planes/layers:

• Data plane /Infrastructure layer (Network traffic )

  • Process network frames and packets

  • Forwarding trunking, encrypting, NAT

• Control plane /Control layer (Dynamic Routing management)

  • Manages actions of data plane

  • Routing tables, session tables, NAT tables

  • Dynamic routing protocol updates

SHH, SNMP, API

• Managment plane/Application layer.

  • Configure and manage the device

  • SSH, browser, API

Define VLAN

VLANs (Virtual LANs) are logical grouping of devices in the same broadcast domain. VLANs are usually configured on switches by placing some interfaces into one broadcast domain and some interfaces into another. Each VLAN acts as a subgroup of the switch ports in an Ethernet LAN.​

• Increase the number of broadcast domains while decreasing their size.​

• Reduce security risks by reducing the number of hosts that receive copies of frames that the switches flood.

• Flexible network design​

Network Tunneling

• Tunnels create a virtual network over an existing physical network to transport data. ​

• Tunneling is a technique used in networking that involves data packets being wrapped within protocols that provide encapsulation and in most instances an encryption in order to ensure secure transmission across a public network

What’s the difference between routed and routing?

A routed protocol is a protocol that carries user data and can be forwarded by routers.Purpose: Move data from one network to another.

Examples:

• IPv4

• IPv6

A routing protocol is used by routers to learn and share routes.Purpose: Build and maintain routing tables.

Examples:

• OSPF

• EIGRP

• BGP

• RIP