Core Computer Science_ For the IB Diploma Program ( PDFDrive )-Topic 2

A computer system follows the __________ model for input, processing, output, and storage.

input, process, output, and storage

The __________ is the brain of the computer that performs calculations and manages instructions.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Data or instructions processed by a computer system exist in __________.

storage

The __________ phase retrieves data from the primary memory for processing.

input

The input in a digital camera system is the __________ button being pressed.

shutter

The __________ transforms light into a digital image in a camera.

processing phase

The __________ is where stored instructions are loaded for processing.

primary memory

Eight bits together constitute a __________.

byte

1 Byte is equivalent to __________ bits.

8

The two types of primary memory are __________ and __________.

RAM; ROM

The __________ stores data temporarily and is volatile.

RAM

The __________ stores permanent instructions that cannot be altered.

ROM

The unit responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations in the CPU is the __________.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The __________ is responsible for controlling the CPU's operations.

Control Unit (CU)

A __________ is a small storage location within the CPU that holds data for processing.

register

The __________ holds the memory address of data to be processed.

Memory Address Register (MAR)

The __________ holds the actual data that is to be transferred to the CPU or from it.

Memory Data Register (MDR)

In binary, the basic unit of information is a __________.

bit

In the hexadecimal numbering system, A stands for __________ in decimal.

10

The two main types of Cache are __________ and __________.

L1 Cache; L2 Cache

File sizes are denoted in __________ and __________.

bits; bytes

The __________ bus carries data from the RAM to the CPU.

data

ROM is considered __________ memory.

non-volatile

The __________ phase in the CPU executes instructions and performs calculations.

execution phase

The four stages of the instruction cycle are fetch, decode, execute, and __________.

store

Secondary memory is also known as __________ storage.

persistent

A __________ represents the shortest sequence of operations in logic gates.

truth table

The AND operation in Boolean logic requires __________ inputs to output a 1.

two true

A __________ gate outputs true when either of its inputs are true but not both.

XOR

The __________ Boolean operator always produces a True output when both inputs are False.

NOR

Data represented in a computer system is typically in __________ format.

binary

The process of __________ allows more programs to run concurrently in a computer system.

virtual memory management

The __________ is used to manage connections to other computer systems over a network.

operating system

The __________ for RGB color representation combines red, green, and blue light.

hexadecimal code

The term __________ refers to both the visual interface and general software applications running on a computer.

graphics processing software

The process of transforming a decimal number to binary involves repeatedly dividing by __________.

2

The largest positive number representable in an 8-bit two's complement is __________.

127

The digital image is outputted as a __________ through the camera monitor.

picture

The __________ the CPU can access measures primary memory constraints and requirements.

capacity