paper 1 definitions

energy required per unit mass to change from solid to liquid at constant temperature

latent heat of fusion

energy required per unit mass to change from liquid to gas at constant temperature

latent heat of vaporisation

energy required per unit mass for a substance to change temperature by 1k

specific heat capacity

recessional velocity of a distant galaxy is directly proportional to its distance from earth

hubbles law

appears the same in all directions

isotropic

uniform matter density

homogeneous

orbit of a planet is elliptical with the sun as one of its two foci

keplers first law

a line segment joining the sun and a planet sweeps out equal areas over equal time intervals

keplers second law

t squared is directly proportional to r cubed

keplers third law

work done per unit mass in moving an object from infinity to a point

gravitational potential

work done in moving an object from infinity to a point

gravitational potential energy

gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square distance

newtons law of gravitation

total power output of a star

luminosity

maximum wavelength is inversely proportional to temperature

wiens law

luminosity is directly proportional to temperature to the four

stefans law

force is directly proportional to extension so long as the elastic limit is not exceeded

hookes law

maximum stress a material can withstand without breaking

ultimate tensile strength

a body in motion will continue to move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a force

newtons first law

net force is directly proportional to rate of change of momentum

newtons second law

when two bodies interract they exert equal and opposite forces on eachother

newtons third law

dust particles appear to move randomly but it is actually due to collisions with air particles

brownian motion

pressure is inversely proportional to volume at a fixed temperature

boyles law

pressure is directly proportional to temperature at a fixed volume

pressure temp law

time of collisions neg, volume neg, no esfa, perfectly elastic, random

ideal gas assumptions

when driving frequency equals natural frequency amplitude increases often until system breaks

resonance