HG & D - First Year developmental skills

- Newborn Supine

Baby stays in physiological flexion but begins to elongate.

- Newborn Prone

Demonstrates physiological flexion with head turned to the side.

- Newborn Sitting

Unable to sit; back is rounded, head rolls forward, collapses without support.

- Newborn Standing

Automatic stepping reflex and neonatal positive support reflex present.

- 1 Month Supine

Less physiological flexion; rhythmic leg kicking (2-3 cycles).

- 1 Month Prone

Turns head from cheek to cheek; lifts head momentarily.

- 1 Month Sitting

Cannot sit independently; holds head upright briefly.

- 1 Month Standing

Loss of positive support reflex may lead to astasia.

- 2 Month Supine

Decreasing flexion; ATNR peaks; may bring head to midline.

- 2 Month Prone

Begins lifting head; increasing antigravity extension.

- 2 Month Sitting

Head erect from beginning head righting in extension.

- 2 Month Standing

Inconsistent positive support and automatic stepping reflexes.

- 3 Month Supine

Holds head in midline; brings hands to midline.

- 3 Month Prone

Head up to 45°; elbows in line with shoulders; hips abducted and externally rotated.

- 3 Month Sitting

Head lag in pull to sit; sits briefly with propped arms.

- 3 Month Standing

Balance of neck flexors/extensors allows lateral head righting.

- 4 Month Supine

Begins weight shifting; balance of neck flexors/extensors.

- 4 Month Prone

Swimming motion; head to 90°; pushes up on forearms or extended arms.

- 4 Month Sitting

Less head lag; increased thoracic extension.

- 4 Month Standing

Strong extension.

- 5 Month Supine

Hand to knee or foot play; increased flexion.

- 5 Month Prone

Reaches on forearm support; elbows in front of shoulders.

- 5 Month Sitting

Begins trunk righting; lateral head righting.

- 5 Month Standing

Symmetrical weight bearing through legs.

- 6 Month Supine

Equilibrium reactions; lateral head righting; foot to mouth.

- 6 Month Prone

Log rolls both directions; increased equilibrium reactions.

- 6 Month Sitting

Sits independently; strong pull to sit.

- 6 Month Standing

Begins weight bearing; collapses easily.

- 7 Month Supine

Rolls supine to prone with rotation; equilibrium reactions.

- 7 Month Prone

Pivoting; supports in quadruped; reciprocal crawling.

- 7 Month Sitting

Can sit without arm support; reaches with rotation.

- 7 Month Standing

Stands at furniture; no lateral weight shift.

- 8 Month Sitting

Sitting equilibrium reactions; transitions in/out of sitting.

- 8 Month Standing

Pulls to stand with bilateral leg extension; lumbar lordosis.

- 9 Month Prone

Reciprocal creeping; quadruped weight shift.

- 9 Month Sitting

Sitting to prone and 4-point transitions.

- 9 Month Standing

Beginning lateral weight shift; cruising begins.

- 10 Month Prone

Mature creeping; lateral weight shift; 4-point kneeling to sitting.

- 10 Month Standing

Cruising with rotation; controlled lowering from standing.

- 10 Month Sitting

Half kneel transitions; greater leg dissociation.

- 11 Month Standing

Stands alone with high guard; wide BOS; lumbar lordosis.

- 12 Month Walking

Walks alone with high guard; no trunk rotation; up to 5 steps.

- 13 Month Standing

Stands from modified squat or quadruped; squatting ability.

- AIMS

Alberta Infant Motor Scale; assesses gross motor development from birth to 18 months.

- AIMS Strengths

Easy to administer; minimal equipment; good reliability and validity.

- AIMS Weaknesses

Only gross motor; normative sample from Alberta; no parent report.

- AIMS Scoring

Least and most mature items scored; all items in window must be scored.

- AIMS Time

10-15 minutes to score; max 30 minutes.

- AIMS Cost

$90

What plane(s) of movement does an infant who is < 5 months generally move in?

Sagittal (Flexion & Extension)

An infant who is able to get feet to mouth for play demonstrates functional strength of which muscle group?

Abdominals and hip flexors