Chapter 8 Mcgraw hill questions

The structural (not functional) classification of a freely movable joint enclosed in a joint capsule is a(n) ___ joint.

synovial

What is label A?

Fibrous Layer

What is label B?

synovial membrane

What is label C?

articular cartilage

What is label D?

synovial fluid

The ______ of a synovial joint encloses the joint and ensures that bone ends cannot be pulled apart.

joint capsule

In general, wherever two bones come together, a junction called a(n)  ___ is formed.

articulation, joint, articulations, or joints

Where is articular cartilage located?

Covering the bone ends in a synovial joint

At synovial joints, the joint capsule is reinforced by relatively inelastic ____ that help stabilize the joint and bind together the bone ends.

ligament

Which of the following can be found connecting two bones in a cartilaginous joint?

hyaline cartilage

Choose the three components of a typical synovial joint.

Synovial membrane, Joint capsule, Articular cartilage

The synovial ____ lines most of the area within the joint capsule of a synovial joint.

membrane

The joint ____  of a synovial joint encloses the joint and prevents bone ends from being pulled apart.

capsule

A functional junction between bones is called a(n) _____

articualtion

The synovial membrane synthesizes ______.

synovial fluid

What connects two bones together in a synovial joint?

ligaments

what are the features of the synovial membrane?

It secretes and reabsorbs synovial fluid, It may have villi, folds, and projections, It is only a few cells thick, It can store adipose tissue.

describe the location of the synovial membrane.

They cover all the surfaces of a synovial joint, except the parts covered by articular cartilage.

The ______ of a synovial joint encloses the joint and ensures that bone ends cannot be pulled apart.

joint capsule

Which structure functions to lubricate the joint and nourish the structures in the joint? It also contains stem cells for tissue repair.

synovial fluid

Where does the fluid found within the synovial cavity come from?

It is secreted by the synovial membrane.

The menisci found in some synovial joints are attached to the ______ at the periphery of the joint cavity.

joint capsule

What functions are served by the menisci found in some synovial joints?

They help distribute body weight.

Identify three types of synovial joints.

Condylar, Ball-and-socket, Plane

Indicate three functions of the synovial fluid.

It provides nutrients to the articular cartilage, It moistens and lubricates the cartilaginous surfaces in the joint, It contains stem cells.

A globular head articulating with a deep cup. is what type of joint?

Ball and socket joint

Some synovial joints contain fibrocartilage discs called ______.

menisci

Structures called ____ that are found in some synovial joints cushion the articulating surfaces and help distribute body weight at joints such as the knee.

menisci

There are six major types of synovial joints based on their shapes and the movements they permit: ball-and-socket joints, ____ joints, plane joints, ____joints, pivot joints, and saddle joints.

hinge; condylar

A synovial joint consisting of a bone with an egg-shaped head that articulates with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone is called a ______ joint.

ball-socket joint

A type of synovial joint called a(n) ____ joint consists of articulating surfaces that are nearly flat and are slightly curved.

plane

The menisci found in some synovial joints are attached to the ______ at the periphery of the joint cavity.

joint capsule

What joint only allows for movement in one plane (uniaxial) that is described as a bending and straightening motion?

hinge joint

A(n) ____ joint consists of the cylindrical surface of one bone rotating in a ring formed by another bone and a ligament.

pivot

What best describes the surface of the articulating bones in a condylar joint?

An ovoid condyle on one bone end and an elliptical cavity on the other

Flexion is a movement where the two bones or parts of the body are moved ______ each other.

closer to

What best describes the surface of the articulating bones in a plane joint?

Two articulating flat surfaces slide over one another.

What best describes the surface of the articulating bones in a hinge joint?

A convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another.

Bending your knee is an example of what type of movement?

Flexion

What types of movement is characteristic of a hinge joint?

It allows for a bending and straightening movement.

What best describes the surface of the articulating bones in a pivot joint?

A cylindrical surface on one bone rotates in a ring formed by the other bone and a ligament.

A movement that increases the angle between bones at a joint, moving them farther apart, is called ______ of the joint.

extension

A movement that decreases the angle of a joint, bringing the bones closer together, is called .

flexion

The movement that results in straightening a bent elbow is an example of

extension

Hyperextension is ______.

extension beyond anatomical position

Bending your elbow is an example of ______ a joint.

flexing

Movement at the ankle that brings the foot closer to the shin is called

dorsiflexion

What type of articulation forms between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus in the elbow joint?

A plane articulation

Abduction is defined as a movement of a limb______ the midline of the body.

away from

Bending the trunk to the side, is what type of flexion?

lateral flexion

The two articulating surfaces of the hip joint are the _____ of the femur and the _____ of the hip bone

 head; acetabulum

When you spread your fingers apart, you are ______ them.

abducting

The rounded head of the _____ articulates with the shallow glenoid cavity of the ____ to form the shoulder joint.

humerus; scapula

The elbow joint contains two articulations. The articulation between the trochlea and trochlear notch is a ______ joint.

hinge

Moving a part away from the midline of the body or the axial line of a limb is called

abduction

The hip joint consists of the head of the ___ and the acetabulum of the pelvis.

femur

Lifting your arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body involves a movement called ____ of the arm.

abduction

What two bony structures articulate to make the shoulder joint?

Glenoid cavity of the scapula, Head of the humerus

Articulation between humerus and ulna involves which bone surfaces?

Trochlea of the humerus, Trochlear notch of the ulna

Articulation between humerus and radius involves which two bone surfaces?

Capitulum of the humerus, Fovea of the radius

Abduction is defined as a movement of a limb ______ the midline of the body.

away from

The knee joint includes several articulations. Indicate the articulations that are part of the knee joint.

Articulation between the tibia and the femur, Articulation between the femur and the patella

The hip joint is an articulation between what two bony structures?

Head of the femur, Acetabulum of pelvis

When you spread your fingers apart, you are ______ them.

abducting

When considering the classification of joints based on the shape of the articulating bone ends, the knee functions as a type of synovial joint called a modified____ joint.

hinge

What type of articulation forms between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus in the elbow joint?

A plane articulation

Joint between the femur and patella is what type of joint?

plane joint

The femur articulates anteriorly with the patella in ______ joint.

knee

The joint capsule of the knee is______ and ______ reinforced by muscles and ligaments.

thin; is

Which movements are allowed at the knee?

Extension, Flexion

Two of the ligaments that stabilize the knee joint are the _____collateral ligament and the ____ collateral ligament.

fibular: tibial

The tibiofemoral joint is a ______ joint.

hinge (modified)

The joint between the patella and the femur is a ______ joint.

plane

Even though it is relatively thin, the joint capsule of the knee is greatly strengthened by many ____ and the _____ of several muscles.

ligaments; tendons

In addition to flexion and extension, the modified hinge articulation at the knee joint also allows a certain degree of ____ when the knee is flexed.

rotation

The patellar, arcuate popliteal, and oblique popliteal ligaments are ligaments that stabilize the ______ joint.

knee joint

Which joint functions as a modified hinge joint?

knee joint

Joint between the femur and patella is what type of joint?

plane

The tibiofemoral joint is a ______ joint.

hinge

The joint between the patella and the femur is a ______ joint.

plane

What structures of the knee joint function to separate and align the articular surfaces within the joint capsule?

Menisci

What are the primary movements that occur at the knee joint?

Flexion and extension

The lateral and medial menisci of the knee form depressions upon the condyles of the tibia that fit the corresponding ______ of the femur.

condyles

The two _____  ligaments (anterior and posterior) serve to prevent displacement of the articulating surfaces of the knee joint.

cruciate