AP Gov Definition Test

Test Wednesday April 5

Upper Class Bias

Interest groups tend to have a higher income and have a higher education level

Professional associations

represent white collar

501 C3

Churches and hospitals that receive tax deductions for charitable donations. Can influence government but can’t donate

501 C4

Typically social welfare associations. can lobby and campaign but can’t spend more than half their money

Free Rider Problem

Not all those benefiting helped pay the bill

Direct Lobbying

Attempt to influence legislation through communication with any member of congress or any government official

Pluralism

A multitude of views that ultimately results in a consencus on some issues, has intensified the ongoing competition among interests to influence policy

Lobbying

Came into vogue in the mid 1600’s when the anteroom of the British House of Commons became known as “the lobby”

Iron Triangle

The bonds among an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group

Grassroots Lobbying

When an interest group tries to inform, persuade, and mobilize large numbers of people

Grass tops

Trying to convince people that are leaders in the community that could influence others

Issue Networks

Collectives with similar goals, but they have come together to support a specific issue

Lobbyists

Work to develop relationships through their contacts who have access to government officials

Endorsement

A public expression of support

Trade Associations

Interest groups made of buisness within a specific industry

Intergovernmental Lobby

Includes the national governors associations

Think Tanks

Research institutions, often with specific ideological goals

Purposive Incentives

Those that give the joiner some philosophical satisfaction

Solidary Incentives

Those that allow people of like mind to gather on ocassion

Material Incentives

Incentives such as travel discounts, subscriptions, to magazines/newsletters, or complimentary items

Public Interest Group

Geared to improve life or government for the masses

Single Issue Group

Focused on just one topic

Ideological Groups

Bundling

Raising large sums from multiple donors for a candidate

Revolving Door

The movement from the job of legislator to a job within an industry affected by the laws of regulations