Studied by 4 people
What are the essential elements of life
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
Trace Elements
Required by organisms only in very small quantities
Isotopes
Same number of protons different number on neutrons
Chemical Compound
Two or more elements combined in a fixed ratio
Atoms of a compound are held together by ___
Chemical Bonds
Type of chemical bonds
Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen
Ionic Bond
When one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
Covalent Bond
When electrons are shared between atoms
Nonpolar Covalent
Electron shared equally between two atoms in covalent bond
Polar Covalent
Electron shared unequally between two atoms in a covalent bond
Hydrogen Bond
Weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom
Molecule
Group of two or more atoms bonded together
Cohesion
When molecules of the same substance stick together, like water molecules forming droplets due to hydrogen bonds.
Adhesion
When molecules of one substance stick to a different substance, like water clinging to glass or plant walls.
Acidic
A substance with a pH less than 7, releasing hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution.
Bases
A substance with a pH greater than 7, releasing hydroxide ions (OH⁻) or accepting hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution.
pH Scale
Numbered from 1-14, midpoint 7.
Concentration of hydrogen ions in solution indicates wherever it is acidic, basic or neutral.
Neutral
A substance with a pH of 7, neither acidic nor basic, like pure water.
Organic Compound
A compound that contains carbon and is typically found in living organisms, often bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen.
Inorganic Compound
A compound that does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, often found in non-living things, like water (H₂O) and salts.
Monomer
Individual building blocks of a polymer
Polymer
A large molecule made up of repeating subunits called monomers
Dehydration Synthesis
A process where two molecules are joined by removing a water molecule, forming a larger compound
Hydrolysis
A process where water is added to break down a compound into smaller molecules, often splitting polymers into monomers.
Polymers are formed through ____ and broken down through _____
Formed through dehydration synthesis and broken down through hydrolysis
Note 
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