Micro. Chapter 3: The Cell (Eukaryotic)

Nucleus

• Has its own membrane and pores

- Nuclear envelope and nuclear pores

• Contains DNA / chromatin

- Loose unless the cell is actively dividing

• Nuclear lamina, fibrillar protein network that lines the nucleus

- Anchors and stabilizes nucleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

• Series of plasma membranes

• Has a rough appearance to it because of ribosomes embedded

- Ribosomes make proteins

Ribosomes

• Bind to mRNA and read it to make proteins

Golgi

• Series of membranes

• Looks like a stack of pancakes

• Modify proteins that come from the RER

- Enzymes change folds or add sugars to create different protein forms

Lysosomes

• Membrane bound pouch of toxic material

• Made as part of the ER

• Have digestive enzymes inside

- Used for food and pathogen digestion

Peroxisomes

• Membrane bound pouch of toxic material

• Multiple types exist that specialize in different things

- Metabolic function, detoxification, signaling

Cytoskeleton

• A network of fibers and tubes that give structure and stability to the cell as well as providing a rail system for transport

• Made of Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, and Microtubules

Mitochondria

• Produces energy for the cell

- Uses aerobic respiration

• Has a double membrane

• Has folds called christae

Chloroplasts

• Site of photosynthesis in plants

• Has three membranes: outer, inner, Thylakoids

• Similar DNA to bacterial DNA

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

• Series of membranes

• Involved in lipid synthesis, toxin removal, carbohydrate metabolism

Microfilaments

• Smallest component of the cytoskeleton

• Made of actin

• Used for movement

- Psuedopodia

Intermediate filaments

• Medium sized component of the cytoskeleton

• Used as a cable system

• Makes up most of the nuclear lamina

Microtubules

• Biggest component of the cytoskeleton

• Used for rail transport

• Made of tubulin