Grade 10 science review

Proton

Positive charge, found in nucleus

Neutron

Neutral charge, also found in nucleus

Electron

Negative charge, orbits around the nucleus in electron shells.

Atomic number

proton & electron number

Atomic mass

the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Bohr Rutherford Diagram

Show us the electron rings / shells of an atom

• You are allowed

  • 2 electrons in the first shell

  • 8 electrons in every shell after the first shell

When heating a test tube containing a chemical substance over a Bunsen burner, in which direction should the open end of the test tube be pointed?

Away from yourself and others.

Name two common pieces of laboratory equipment used for accurately measuring the volume of a liquid.

Graduated cylinder, burette

Ionic bond

transfer of electrons, metal + non metal

Covalent bond

sharing of electrons, 2 non-metals

Which 2 groups are the most reactive? why?

Alkali metals and halogens because they only need to gain/lose an electron to become stable

Ions and octet rule

Atoms are stable with 8 valence electrons

• gain

• lose

• share

to get a full shell

Ions

give/lose to fill shell

Ion

charged particle

Anion

negative, non metals, gain electrons

Cation

positive, metals, lose electrons

Valence electrons

Electrons on outermost shell, can be found through group number