HBS Neuron Cell Functions

Cell membrane

Maintain the resting potential that allows for excitability and to generate and transmit action potentials.

Cell body

In the cell body, neurons store genetic material and produce energy to function.

Nucleus

Contains genetic material (chromosomes) for cell development and the synthesis of proteins necessary for cell maintenance and survival.

Dendrites

Appendages that are designed to receive communications from other cells by bringing electrical signals to the cell body. Often resembles a tree-like structure.

Axon

A portion of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Axon terminals

Any of the button-like endings of axons that change electrical impulses or action potentials within a neuron into chemical messages in the form of neurotransmitters.

Myelin sheath

An insulating layer or the sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. Made up of protein & fatty substances. Allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.

Nodes of Ranvier

Periodic gaps in the myelin on the axon of certain neurons. These nodes allow ions to diffuse in and out of the neuron, pushing the electrical signal down the axon.

Schawnn Cells

Forms myelin sheath for insulation, promoting fast signal conduction, and providing metabolic support like iron transfer.

Synapse

The portion of the neuron where information is released.

Neurotransmitters

Transmit signals from the CNS to muscles.