Carbohydrates

2 glucose = ?

maltose

glucose + fructose = ?

sucrose

glucose + galactose = ?

lactose

glycogen structure

alpha glucose with 1,4 and 1,6 bonds, branched for rapid breakdown, insoluble to not affect water potential, compact for energy storage

starch structure

amylose and amylopectin

amylose structure

unbranched, coiled and compact, so stores lots of energy, alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds

amylopectin structure

branched, alpha 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds

cellulose structure and adaptation

beta glucose, long, unbranched, microfibrils (prevents bursting in turgor pressure), polar glucose allows minerals to diffuse through

bonds in carbohydrates?

covalent, hydrogen

comparison of disaccharides and monosaccharides as energy sources

disaccharides have double the number of sugar units, so it provides more energy, although it takes longer to release this energy as it has to broken down first

condensation reaction forms or breaks bonds?

forms

hydrolysis forms or breaks bonds?

breaks