Unit 1,2,3 VOCAB

Cavort

(v.) to romp or prance around exuberantly; to make merry

Synonym: gambol

Credence

(n.) belief, mental acceptance

Synonyms: credit, trust, confidence

Antonyms:disbelief, skepticism, incredulity

Decry

(v.) to condemn, express strong disapproval; to officially depreciate

Synonyms: denounce, censure, devalue

Antonyms: tout, commend, extol, laud, praise

Dissemble

(v.) to disguise or conceal, deliberately give a false impression

Synonyms: dissimulate, mask, feign

Distraught

(adj.) very much agitated or upset as a result of emotion or mental conflict

Synonyms: distracted

Antonyms: calm, collected

Eulogy

(n.) a formal statement of commendation; high praise

Synonyms: panegyric, encomium, tribute

Antonyms: philippic, invective

Evince

(v.) to display clearly, to make evident, to provoke

Synonyms: exhibit, manifest, occasion

Exhume

(v.) to remove from a grave; to bring to light

Synonyms: disinter, unearth, uncover
Antonyms: bury, inter

Feckless

(adj.) lacking in spirit and strength; ineffective, weak; irresponsible, unreliable

Synonyms: feeble, incompetent, ineffectual

Antonyms: competent, capable, effective

Murky

(adj.) dark and gloomy, obscure; lacking in clarity and precision

Synonyms: dim, cloudy

Antonyms: clear, transparent, lucid, limpid

Nefarious

(adj.) wicked, depraved, devoid of moral standards

Synonyms: iniquitous, reprehensible

Antonyms: virtuous, honorable, praiseworthy, meritorious

Piquant

(adj.) stimulating to the taste or mind; spicy, pungent; appealingly provocative

Synonyms: zestful, tangy

Antonyms: bland, insipid, tasteless, mild

Primordial

(adj.) developed or created at the very beginning; going back to the most ancient times or earliest stage; fundamental, basic

Synonyms: original, primal

Propinquity

(n.) nearness in place or time; kinship

Synonyms: similarity

Antonyms: remoteness, distance

Substantive

(adj.) real, having a solid basis; considerable in number or amount; meaningful and on topic

Synonyms: firm, substantial, meaty

Antonyms: imaginary, unreal, meaningless

Unwonted

(adj.) not usual or expected; not in character

Synonyms: unusual, uncommon, unexpected, atypical

Antonyms: usual, customary, typical

Utopian

(adj.) founded upon or involving a visionary view of an ideal world; impractical

Synonyms: idealistic

Antonyms: realistic, pragmatic

Verbiage

(n.) language that is too wordy or inflated in proportion to the sense or content, wordiness; a manner of expression

Synonyms: prolixity, diction, jargon

Verdant

(adj.) green in tint or color; immature in experience or judgement

Synonyms: artless, naive

Antonyms: scorched, sere, barren

Viscous

(adj.) having a gelatinous or gluey quality, lacking in easy movement or fluidity

Synonyms: sticky, thick

Antonyms: watery, aqueous-gen- : race, kind, origin, birth

-gen-

race, kind, origin, birth

-gnos-

know

-graph-

write

-gram-

write

-fac-

make

-ject-

throw

Accost

(v) approach and speak to first; confront in a challenging or aggressive way

S: buttonhole, approach, confront

A: avoid, shun

Animadversion

(n) a comment indicating strong criticism or disapproval

S: rebuke, reproof

A: praise, compliment

Avid

(adj) desirous of something to the point of greed; intensely eager

S: keen, enthusiastic, grasping

A: reluctant, indifferent, unenthusiastic

Brackish

(adj) having a salty taste and unpleasant to drink

S: saline

A: clear, sweet

Celerity

(n) swiftness, rapidity of motion or action

S: promptness, speed

A: slowness, sluggishness, dilatoriness

Devious

(adj) straying or wandering from a straight or direct course; done or acting in a shifty or underhand way

S: roundabout, indirect, tricky, sly, artful

A: direct, straightforward, open, aboveboard

Gambit

(n) in chess and opening move that involves risk or sacrifice of a minor piece in order to gain a later advantage; any opening move of this type

S: ploy, ruse, maneuver

Halcyon

(n) a legendary bird identified with the kingfisher; (adj) of or relating to the halcyon; calm, peaceful; happy, golden; prosperous, affluent

S: tranquil, placid, palmy

A: turbulent, chaotic, tumultuous

Histrionic

(adj) pertaining to actors and their techniques; theatrical, artificial; melodramatic

S: affected, stagy

A: muted, untheatrical, subdued

Incendiary

(adj) deliberately setting or causing fires; designed to start fires; tending to stir up strife or rebellion

(n) one who deliberately sets fires, arsonist; one who causes strife

S: (adj.) inflammatory, provocative ; (n.) firebrand

A: (adj.) soothing, quieting; (n.) peacemaker

Maelstrom

(n) whirlpool of great size and violence; a situation resembling a whirlpool in violence and destruction

S: chaos, turbulence, tumult

Myopic

(adj) nearsighted, lacking a broad, realistic view of a situation; lacking foresight or discernment

S: shortsighted

A: farsighted

Overt

(adj) open, not hidden, expressed or revealed in a way that is not easily recognized

S: clear, obvious, manifest, patent

A: clandestine, covert, concealed

Pejorative

(adj) tending to make worse; expressing disapproval or disparagement, derogatory, deprecatory, belittling

A: complimentary ameliorative

Propriety

(n) the state of being proper, appropriateness; (pl) standards of what is proper or socially acceptable

S: fitness, correctness

A: Unseemliness, inappropriateness

Sacrilege

(n) improper or disrespectful treatment of something held sacred

S: desecration, profanation, defilement

Summarily

(adv) without delay or formality; briefly, concisely

S: promptly, peremptorily

Suppliant

(adj) asking humbly and earnestly (n) one who makes a request humbly and earnestly, a petitioner, suitor

Talisman

(n) an object that serves as a charm or is believed to confer magical powers, an amulet, fetish

Undulate

(v) to move in waves or with a wavelike motion; to have a wavelike appearance or form

S: fluctuate, rise and fall

mid-

middle

mis-

wrongly, badly, incorrect, ill

-meter-

measure

-micro-

small

-morph-

form, shape

-mis-

send

-mitt-

send

Acquisitive

1. Definitions: (adj)

   1. able to get and retain ideas or information; concerned with acquiring wealth or property

2. S: greedy, avaricious, retentive

3. A: altruistic 

4. Usage: 

   1. Often used in a disapproving or formal context

5. Etymology: 

   1. Latin > ad- = "to or toward" + quærere = "to seek"

Arrogate

1. (v.) to claim or take without right

2. S: expropriate, commandeer

3. A: renounce, abdicate, abandon

4. Etymology: 

   1. Latin > ad- = "for" + rogare = "to ask"

Banal

1. (adj.) hackneyed, trite, commonplace

2. S: stale, insipid

3. A: fresh, novel, new

4. Etymology: 

   1. French/Germanic/English > bannan = "summon"

Belabor

1. (v.) to work on excessively; to thrash soundly 

2. S: overwork

3. Etymology: 

   1. Old French > be- = "to a great or greater degree; thoroughly +

   2. L > labor = "work"

Carping

1. (adj.) tending to find fault, especially in petty, nasty, or hairsplitting; (n.) petty, nagging criticism 

2. S: nit-picking, caviling

3. A: approving, uncritical

4. Usage: 

   1. Can be used without and with preposition

      1. Noun: carping up/about/at/of

   2. Used by a person

5. Etymology: 

   1. Old Norse > karpa = "to brag"

Coherent

1. (adj.) holding or sticking together; making a logical whole; comprehensible, meaningful 

2. S: connected, unified, consistent, cohesive

3. A: muddled, chaotic, disjointed

4. Etymology: 

   1. Latin > co- = "together" + haerere = "to stick"

Congeal

1. (v.) to change from liquid to solid, thicken; to make inflexible or rigid

2. S: harden, jell, solidify

3. A: liquefy

4. Usage: 

   1. Can be used in these contexts:

      1. To solidify. 

      2. To become fixed

      3. To curdle 

      4. To make rigid 

      5. To figuratively change

5. Etymology: 

   1. Latin > com- = "together" + gelare = "to freeze"

Emulate

1. (v.) to imitate with the intent of equaling or surpassing the model

2. S: copy, mimic, rival, match, measure up to

3. Usage: 

   1. She’s just a verb, just use it as a verb, simple :D

4. Etymology: 

   1. Latin > aemulus = "trying to equal or excel"

Encomium

1. (n.) a formal expression of praise, a lavish tribute

2. S: panegyric, eulogy

3. A: condemnation, castigation, criticism

4. Usage: 

   1. Encomnium to

5. Etymology: 

   1. Greek > en- = "in" + kōmos = "revel"

Eschew

1. (v.) to avoid, shun, keep away from

2. S: abstain from, steer clear of, forgo

3. A: embrace, adopt

4. Etymology: 

   1. Old French/ Germanic > sciuhan = "to fear"

Germane

1. adj.) relevant, appropriate, apropos, fitting

2. S: pertinent

3. A: irrelevant, extraneous, inappropriate

4. Etymology: 

   1. English, Middle English > germain = "[literally] having the same parents"

Insatiable

1. (adj.) so great or demanding as not to be satisfied

2. S: ravenous, irreconcilable

3. Etymology: 

   1. Old French, Latin > ​​in- = "not" + satis = "sufficient"

Intransigent

1. (adj.) refusing to compromise, irreconcilable

2. S:  uncompromising, unyielding, obdurate

3. A: lukewarm, half hearted, yielding

4. Usage: 

   1. Used to describe humans, not objects

5. Etymology: 

   1. Spanish, French, Latin > in- = "not" + transigere = "to settle"

Invidious

1. (adj.) offensive, hateful; tending to cause bitterness and resentment

2. S: malicious, spiteful, prejudicial, pejorative

3. A:  flattering, ameliorative

4. Etymology: 

   1. Latin > invidia = "envy"

Largesse

1. (n.) generosity in giving; lavish or bountiful contributions

2. S: liberality, bounty

3. A: stinginess, miserliness, niggardliness

4. Usage: 

   1. Largesse of

   2. Usually used in the context of the rich giving to the poor

5. Etymology: 

   1. Latin, Old French > largus = "large"

Reconnaissance

1. (n.) a survey made for military purposes; any kind of preliminary inspection or examination

2. S: exploration

3. Usage: 

   1. Reconnaissance of

   2. But can be used as a standalone word

4. Etymology: 

   1. French > re- = "again" + cognoscere = "to know"

Substantiate

1. (v.) to establish by evidence, prove; to give concrete or substantial form to

2. S: confirm, validate, authenticate

3. A: refute, disprove, invalidate

4. Etymology: 

   1. Latin > substare = "to exist"

Taciturn

1. (adj.) habitually silent or quiet, inclined to talk very little

2. S: tight-lipped, uncommunicative, laconic.

3. A:  garrulous, loquacious, prolix, verbose

4. Usage: 

   1. Used for humans…

5. Etymology: 

   1. Latin > tacere = "to be silent"

Temporize

1. (v.) to stall or act evasively in order to gain time, avoid a confrontation, or postpone a decision; to compromise

2. S: dillydally, procrastinate

3. Etymology: 

   1. Latin, French > tempus = "time"

Tenable

1. (adj.) capable of being held or defended

2. S: defensible, justifiable, maintainable

3. A: indefensible, unjustifiable

4. Etymology: 

   1. Latin, French > tenere = "to hold"

Prefixes

BI-

Two

Com-

“WITH," "TOGETHER," "IN ASSOCIATION," OR "COMPLETELY"

De-

"FROM, OFF, DOWN, AWAY"

Astr-

“STAR, CELESTIAL BODY, HEAVENS, OUTER SPACE”

Chron-

“TIME”

Cosm-

"WORLD" OR "UNIVERSE"

-cap-

"TAKE" OR "SEIZE" AND "HEAD"

-cede-

“HAPPEN, YIELD, GO, MOVE AWAY, WITHDRAW”

-cred-

 “TO BELIEVE" OR "TO TRUST"