AP Art History Early Europe and Colonial America

Iconoclasm

The action of attacking or assertively rejecting cherished beliefs & institutions or established values and practices

Catacomb

An underground passageway used for burial

Cubicula

Small underground rooms in catacombs serving as mortuary chapels

Apse

The endpoint of a church where the altar is

Ambulatory

A passage around the apse or the altar

Nave

The main aisle of a church

Transept

An aisle in a church perpendicular to the nave, where the clergy originally stood

Spolia

The reuse of architectural pieces in buildings that are different from their original context

Vellum

Fine parchment made from calf skin

Pendentive

construction shaped like a triangle that transitions the space between flat walls and the base of a round dome; kind of triangular, but curved

Pier

Dome is supported by great stone piers that do most work of supporting weight and thrust of dome

Thotokos

Mother of God - Eastern Orthodox

Codex

Manuscript books made of resilient animal (calf) hide

Chasing

To ornament metal by indenting into a surface with a hammer

Fibula

Clasp used to fasten garment

Zoomorphic

Having elements of animal shapes

Feudalism

A mutual relationship between lords and peasants

Arcade

Series of arches supported by columns

Jamb

Side posts of a medieval portal

Portal

Doorway (usually decorated in Medieval Art)

Radiating Chapels

projecting chapels arranged radially around ambulatory

Tympanum

Rounded sculpture placed over the portal and of a medieval church

Rose Windows

Circular window filled with stained glass either at end of transept or on facade

Spire/Steeple

Tall pointed tower on church

Lux NOva

New Light

Pieta

A painting or sculpture of a crucified christ lying on lap of mary

Haggadah

Narration

Passover

8 day Jewish festival that commemorates exodus of Jews from Egypt

Woodcut

Wooden tablet cut with tool, basically a wooden stamp to make impression

Engraving

Craved metal, ink goes into crevices and paper applied to make print

Etching

Metal covered with wax, acid burns where there isn’t any wax leaving impression filled with ink and paper applied

Fresco

wax mixed with paint

Altarpiece

Art for altar

Predella

Base of an altarpiece filled with small painting often decorative

Humanism

Movement focuses on secular and religious loved classical past and stressed study of it

Chiaroscuro

Use of strong contrasts between light and dark, sense of volume and 3D

Tempera

Paint that uses egg yolk, dries quickly, flat opaque colors

Sfumato

Paint technique where smoke-light or hazy effect distances viewer from subject ( da vinci)

Canvas

Heavy, woven material used as a painting surface

Entombment

paintings, sculpture depicting Jesus’ burial

Tenebroso

Dramatic dark and light contrast in painting

Vanitas

theme in still life painting that structures brevity of life and the folly of human vanity

Mestizos

person of mixed Euro and Native American descent

Tufa and fresco

what materials were used in Catacomb of Priscilla (good shepard and orant fresco)

c. 200-400 CE Late Antique

Time period of catacomb of priscilla

building (stone, brick, and wooden roof)

WHat materials are used in Santa Sabina

C. 422- 432 CE Late Antique art

What time period is santa sabina

Paint on Vellum

What is Vienna of Genesis Made of

6th cen - Early Byzantine

What is the time period of Vienna of Genesis

526 - 547 CE - Byzantine

What is the time period of San Vitale

Mosaic

What is Justinian and Attendants made of

c. 547 - Byzantine

When was Justinian and attendants made

532 - 537 Byzantine

When was Hagia Sophia made

Mosaic

What is theotokos Mosaic made of

Mosaic

What is Deesis Mosaic made of

1261 Byzantine

When was Deesis Mosaic made from

Encaustic on wood

What is Virgin and child between St Theodore and George made of

6th or early 7th cen Byzantine

When was virgin and child between st Theodore and George made

Metal Work (silver gilt, filigree, inlays of semi-precious stones)

What are the Merovingian Looped Fibular made of

mid 6th cen byzantine

When was Merovingian Looped Fibular made

Mauscript (paint on vellum)

What were the Lindisfarne Gospel made of

c. 698 - 721 Hiberno-Saxon

When were the Lindisfarne cross-carpet pages made

c. 1020 - 1130 Romanesque

When was Sainte-Foy at Conques made

Gold, silver, gemstones, enamel over wood

What was St. Foy Reliquary made of

9th cen Romanesque

When was St. foy Reliquary made

1124 CE romanesque

When was the Last Judgment Tympanum made

Embroidered wool on linen

What was the Bayeux Tapestry made of

1070 - 1080 Romanesque

when was the Bayeux Tapestry made

1145 - 1155 Ce Romanesque and Gothic

When was the Chartres Cathedral made

illuminated manuscript (ink, tempera, gold leaf on vellum)

What was the Moralized Bible made of

1226 - 1234 CE Gothic

When was the moralized Bible made

painted wood

What was the Rottgen Pieta made of

1200 - 1325 Gothic

when was the Rottgen pieta made

1305 - 1306 Italian Gothic

When was the Arena Chapel made

Paint on vellum, illuminated manuscript

What was the Golden Haggadah made of

c. 1320 CE

when was the Golden Haggadah made

oil on wood

What was the merode altarpiece made of

1425 - 1428 CE N Euro Ren

when was the merode altarpiece made

Oil on wood

What was Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride made of

1434 CE N Euro Ren

When was Giovanni Arnolfini and his bride made

Engraving

What was the Fall of Man made of

1504 N Euro Ren

When was the Fall of Man made

Oil on wood; predella: painted and gilt limewood

What was the Isenheim Altarpiece made of

c. 1510 - 1515 N Euro Ren

When was the Isenheim ALtarpiece made

woodcut

What was the ALlegory of law and grace made of

c. 1530 N Early Ren

When was the allegory of law and grace made

oil on wood

What was Hunters in the snow made of

c. 1565 N Euro Ren

when was hunters in the snow made

1423 - 1442 CE Early Ren

When was the Pazzi Chapel made

c. 1452 0 1470 CE Early Ren

when was Palazzo Ruccellai made

Bronze

What was David (standing on Goliath’s head)made of

1440-1460 Early Ren

when was David (standing on Goliath’s head) made

Tempera on wood

What was Madonna and child with two angels made of

1455 Early Ren

when was Madonna and CHild with two angels made

Tempera on canvas

What was Birth of Venus made o f

ca. 1484 - 1486 Early Ren

when was Birht of Venus made

oil and tempera on plaster

What was Last Supper made of

ca. 1495-1498 CE Italian High Ren

when was Last Supper made

fresco

What was School of Athens made of

Italian high Ren

When was School of Athens made