Microbiology and Nitrogen Cycle Review

Flashcards covering MCB 213 and MCB 212 lecture topics including the nitrogen cycle, nitrification, denitrification, non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and microbial terms.

What is considered the protein reservoir of the soil in the nitrogen cycle?

Nitrate is considered the protein reservoir of the soil and serves as the primary way for nitrogen to enter directly into protein synthesis.

What is the end product of the degradation of protein and amino acids in soil?

Ammonia, which reaches the soil in the form of dead animals and plants.

Which specific organisms are responsible for converting ammonia to Nitrite and then to Nitrate during Nitrification?

Nitrosomanas converts ammonia to Nitrite, and Nitrobacter in turn converts Nitrite to Nitrate.

What environmental conditions favour the process of Nitrification in soil?

Nitrification is favoured in well-aerated soil rich in calcium carbonate, with a temperature around $30^\circ\text{C}$, a nearly neutral pH, and the absence of a large quantity of organic matter.

How do different soil treatments or mineral additions impact Nitrification activity?

The application of Nitrate fertilizer reduces Nitrification activities, whereas phosphorus and other minerals enhance it.

How does soil acidity affect the liberation of Nitrate from humus?

The liberation of Nitrate from humus is higher in acidic soil than in saline and alkaline soil.

What is Denitrification, and what type of soil environment favours it?

Denitrification is the reverse process of Nitrification where Nitrate/Nitrite is reduced to nitrogen gas and ammonia; it is favoured in anaerobic soil.

Which anaerobic bacteria reduce Nitrate to ammonia according to the lecture notes?

Anaerobic bacteria such as chash dnem reduce Nitrate to ammonia.

Which aerobic organism is noted to reduce nitrate under certain conditions?

pseudomonals dendriticalities is noted as an aerobic organism that seems to reduce nitrate under certain conditions.

Which enzymes are required for Denitrification, and in which organisms have they been detected?

The enzymes required are nitrate reductase or Nitratase, which are detected in eschendhra Citrate call, pseudomonas aerudinosa, and Micrococcus denrbrificants.

Which bacteria are listed as participating in Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation?

The living bacteria listed include chistudrum, azotobacter Chroococcum, azotobacter agile, Erebo pneumonia, azospirillum, thione psevdomonas spp, Rhodo Spirillum spp, anabaena spp, plectoria speare, gloeocapsa spp, and beijerincaia spp.

How is a substrate defined in the MCB 212 course notes?

A substrate is defined as what an organism feeds on.