Chapter 24: Solutions, Acids, and Bases

Neutralization

Neutralization

________ is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that takes place in a water solution.

Compounds

________ that can form hydroxide ions (OH)- in water are classified as bases.

Buffers

________ are solutions containing ions that react with additional acids or bases to minimize their effects on pH.

Solution

________: a mixture that has the same composition, color, density, and even taste throughout.

Ammonia

________ is a base that does not contain- OH.

Indicator

________: an organic compound that changes color in acids and bases.

Sodium

A reaction between ________ hypochlorite and ammonia produces the toxic gases hydrazine and chloramine.

Solubility

________: the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature.

Solute

________: the substance being dissolved.

Dissociation

________ is the process in which an ionic solid separates into its positive and negative ions.

Acids

________ also react with indicators to produce predictable changes in color.

Solid Dissolves

When a(n) ________ in a liquid, the solid is the solute and the liquid is the solvent.

crystalline solids

In the pure, undissolved state, many bases are ________.

Dilute Solution

A(n) ________ is one that has a small amount of solute in the solvent.

pH

The ________ measures how acidic or basic a solution is.

Aqueous Solution

________: A solution in which water is the solvent.

Weak Base

________: one that does not dissociate completely.

Concentration

________: describes how much solute is present in a solution compared to the amount of solvent.

Ions

________ in solution can conduct an electric current are called electrolytes.

Solvent

________: the substance doing the dissolving.

Hydroxide Ions

Bases produce ________ in water.

Negative Ions

A salt is a compound formed when the ________ from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base.

Ammonia

________ remains in the form of NH3, ________ is a weak base.

Acid

________: a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution.

solvent

Increasing the temperature of a(n) ________ speeds up the movement of its particles.

Solution

a mixture that has the same composition, color, density, and even taste throughout

Solute

the substance being dissolved

Solvent

the substance doing the dissolving

Aqueous Solution

A solution in which water is the solvent

Solubility

he maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature

Concentration

describes how much solute is present in a solution compared to the amount of solvent

Saturated Solution

a solution that contains all the solute it can hold at a given temperature

Unsaturated Solution

any solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature

Supersaturated Solution

one that contains more solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature

Acid

a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution

Indicator

an organic compound that changes color in acids and bases

Base

Any substance that forms hydroxide ions, OH-, in a water solution; any substance that accepts H􏰅 from acids

Strong Acid

When it dissolves in water, almost 100 percent of the acid molecules dissociate into ions

Weak Acid

When it dissolves in water, only a small fraction of the acid molecules dissociates into ions

Strong Base

dissociates completely in solution

Weak Base

one that does not dissociate completely

pH

measure of the concentration of H+ ions in it

OH

When bases that contain- ________ dissolve in water, the negative areas of nearby water molecules attract the positive ion in the base.

painful burns

Some acids can damage tissue by producing ________.

Fruit Drinks

________ and sports drinks are examples of solutions made by dissolving solids in liquids.

concentrations of H+

A solution with a pH of exactly 7 indicates that the ________ ions and OH- ions are equal.

Fresh Solvent

Stirring a solution speeds up the dissolving process because it brings more ________ into contact with more solute.

Solutions of gases

________ behave differently from those of solids or liquids.