Matter Quiz Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the properties of matter, states of matter, and phase changes based on the Matter Quiz transcript.

Characteristic Property

A specific property that is unique to a substance and can be used for identification, such as a density of $1.0\,g/mL$ for water.

Chemical Property

A property that describes a substance's ability to change into a new substance, such as flammability, reaction with water, or coal's ability to burn.

Physical Property

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's identity, such as mass, malleability, color (e.g., gold is yellow), or size.

Density

The ratio of mass to volume, calculated as $\frac{mass}{volume}$. For example, a block with a mass of $360\,g$ and a volume of $400\,mL$ has a density of $0.9\,g/mL$.

Solid

A state of matter characterized by having a definite shape and a definite volume.

Liquid

A state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container.

Gas

A state of matter that expands to fill its container.

Plasma

A state of matter that is made of ions.

Viscosity

A property of liquids that describes their resistance to flow.

Malleability

A property of some metals that allows them to be pounded into thin sheets.

Ductility

A property of some metals that allows them to be drawn into wires.

Phase Changes involving a Liquid

Phase changes that include melting, freezing, vaporization, and condensation.

Freezing

The phase change from a liquid to a solid; for example, when lava turns into rock.

Exothermic Phase Changes

Phase changes that release energy: freezing, condensation, and deposition.

Freezing Point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid, which is the same as its melting point.

Temperature Change during Melting

While a substance like ice is melting, the temperature stays the same.

Sublimation

The phase change where a substance changes from a solid directly into a gas.

Deposition

The phase change where a substance changes from a gas directly into a solid.

Vaporization

The phase change from a liquid to a gas, which includes both boiling and evaporating.

Condensation

The phase change from a gas to a liquid.