sci legends

Albert Einstein

Formulated the theory of relativity; explained the photoelectric effect; contributed to quantum theory.

Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin; pioneered antibiotics; studied lysozyme.

Barbara McClintock

Discovered jumping genes; showed gene regulation; won 1983 Nobel Prize.

Dorothy Hodgkin

Used X-ray crystallography; solved structures of insulin and vitamin B12; won 1964 Nobel Prize.

Georges Lemaître

Proposed Big Bang theory; related redshift to cosmic expansion; combined physics and theology.

Selman Waksman

Discovered streptomycin; coined the term antibiotic; won 1952 Nobel Prize.

James Watson & Francis Crick

Discovered DNA double helix; built on Rosalind Franklin's data; won 1962 Nobel Prize.

Katherine Johnson

Calculated NASA flight paths; helped launch John Glenn; broke racial and gender barriers.

Tu Youyou

Discovered artemisinin; based work on ancient medicine; won 2015 Nobel Prize.

Tim Berners-Lee

Invented the World Wide Web; created HTTP and HTML; promoted open internet.

Fei-Fei Li

Created ImageNet; advanced computer vision; advocates ethical AI.

Philip Emeagwali

Advanced parallel computing; achieved record speeds; influenced internet concepts.

Mario Molina

Found CFCs damage ozone; helped Montreal Protocol; won 1995 Nobel Prize.

Har Gobind Khorana

Cracked genetic code; made artificial gene; won 1968 Nobel Prize.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Proposed heliocentric model; sparked Scientific Revolution; wrote De revolutionibus.

William Gilbert

Studied magnetism; showed Earth is magnetic; wrote De Magnete.

Johannes Kepler

Discovered planetary motion laws; supported heliocentrism; advanced optics.

Blaise Pascal

Founded probability theory; made Pascaline calculator; contributed to geometry.

Isaac Newton

Created laws of motion and gravity; invented calculus; wrote Principia Mathematica.

Edward Jenner

Created smallpox vaccine; pioneered immunology; showed vaccination works.

Antoine Lavoisier

Named oxygen and hydrogen; made Law of Mass Conservation; modernized chemistry.

Ada Lovelace

First computer programmer; envisioned general computing; worked on Analytical Engine.

Charles Darwin

Proposed evolution by natural selection; wrote On the Origin of Species; changed biology.

Gregor Mendel

Discovered heredity laws; studied pea plants; founded genetics.

Louis Pasteur

Invented pasteurization; made rabies vaccine; proved germ theory.

Carlos Finlay

Proved mosquitoes spread yellow fever; guided public health; stopped epidemics.

Nikola Tesla

Developed AC electricity; invented induction motor; pioneered wireless power.

Marie Curie

Discovered polonium and radium; researched radioactivity; won two Nobel Prizes.

Robert Koch

Found TB, cholera, anthrax bacteria; made Koch's postulates; won 1905 Nobel Prize.