mod 1: Pediatrics

how many weeks in utero does ossification start

6

list the order of carpal ossification

capitate, hamate, triquetral, lunate, scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid, pisiform

after birth, when does the capitate ossify

1-3 months

after birth, when does the hamate ossify

2-4 months

after birth, when does the triquetral ossify

2-3 years

after birth, when does the lunate ossify

2-4 years

after birth, when does the scaphoid ossify

4-6 years

after birth, when does the trapezium ossify

4-6 years

after birth, when does the trapezoid ossify

4-6 years

after birth, when does the pisiform ossify

8-12 years

when does the distal radius ossify

1 year

when does the distal ulna ossify

5-6 years

what acronym + counting method do we use to remember the order of ossification for the elbow

CRITOE, 1 3 5 7 9 11

for remembering the order of elbow ossification, list what CRITOE stands for

capitulum, radial head, internal/medial epicondyle, trochlea, olecranon, external/lateral epicondyle

when does the capitulum ossify

1 year

when does the radial head ossify

3 years

when does the medial epicondyle ossify

5 years

when does the trochlea ossify

7 years

when does the olecranon ossify

9 years

when does the lateral epidondyle ossify

11 years

at birth, list the primary ossification centers of the foot

lateral cuneiform, medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, navicular

describe foot ossification prior to birth

calcaneus, talus, cuboid, MTs, and phalanges all ossify from 9 weeks to birth

when does the primary ossification center of the lateral cuneiform appear

1

when does the primary ossification center of the medial cuneiform appear

3

when does the primary ossification center of the intermediate cuneiform appear

4

when does the primary ossification center of the navicular appear

4

by which age should the secondary ossification centers of the foot be present

4

list the secondary ossification centers of the foot

navicular, MTs, phalanges

what is the last structure in the foot to finish ossification

calcaneus

when does the calcaneus finish ossification

age 5

when does the tibial shaft ossify

7 weeks in utero

when does the distal tibia (ankle) ossify

4-12 months

when does the medial malleolus ossify

ages 7-10

where does the medial malleolus ossify from

the distal tibia epiphysis

when does the fibular shaft ossify

8 weeks in utero

when does the distal fibula (ankle) ossify

6-12 months

when does the talus ossify

7 months in utero

which ossifies first; distal tibia or fibula

tibia

list the 8 ossification centers of the knee

femoral shaft, distal femur, tibial shaft, tibial plateau, tibial tuberosity, fibular shaft, fibular head, patella

when does the femoral shaft ossify

8 weeks in utero

when does the distal femur ossify

3-6 months

when does the patella ossify

3-5 years

describe patella ossification

has 1-3 ossification centers

when does the tibial plateau ossify

9 months in utero

T or F: the tibial plateau is typically present at birth

true

when does the tibial tuberosity ossify

10-12 years

when does the fibular head ossify

2-4 years

when does the ilium ossify

8 weeks in utero

when does the ischium ossify

4-6 months in utero

when does the pubis ossify

4-6 months in utero

when does the acetabulum ossify

puberty

when does the femoral head ossify

4-6 months

when does the greater trochanter ossify

2-4 years

when does the lesser trochanter ossify

puberty

where are the first primary ossification centers of the spine found

C spine and upper T spine

when do ossification centers of the C spine and upper T spine appear

9 weeks in utero

what is the last section of the spine to ossify

neural arches and L spine

when do neural arches and L spine ossify

14 weeks in utero

where are the secondary ossification centers of the spine

C3-L5

when do the secondary ossification centers of the spine appear (C3-L5)

puberty

when do the secondary ossification centers of the spine fuse (C3-L5)

25-30 years

T or F: C1 and C2 are unique in their development

true

when does the posterior neural arch of C1 ossify

3 years

when does the anterior neural arch of C1 ossify

7 years

when is the body of C2 visible

1 year

when does the body of C2 ossify

4 years

when does the tip of the dens ossify

3-6 years

describe the social/emotional development of a 2 month old

calms down when spoken to or picked up, looks at your face, smiles

describe the social/emotional development of a 4 month old

smiles on own to get attention, giggles, looks and moves around to get attention

describe the social/emotional development of a 6 month old

knows familiar people, likes to look at self in the mirror

describe the social/emotional development of a 1 year old

plays games such as pat-a-cake

describe the social/emotional development of a 2 year old

notices when others are hurt or upset, looks at your face to see how to react in a new situation

describe the social/emotional development of a 3 year old

notices other children and joins them to play

describe the language development of a 2 month old

makes sounds other than crying, reacts to loud sounds

describe the language development of a 4 month old

makes cooing sounds, turns head towards the sound of a voice

describe the language development of a 6 month old

squeals, blows raspberries

describe the language development of a 1 year old

waves bye, calls parents, understands no

describe the language development of a 2 year old

points to things in a book when prompted, says at least two words together, uses more gestures than just waving and pointing (like blowing a kiss or nodding yes)

describe the language development of a 3 year old

asks who, what, where, or why, talks well enough for others to understand

describe the physical development of a 2 month old

holds head up when prone, moves both arms and legs, briefly opens hands

describe the physical development of a 4 month old

heads head steady without support, can hold a toy, brings hand to mouth

describe the physical development of a 6 month old

rolls from prone to supine, pushes up with arms when prone

describe the physical development of a 1 year old

pulls up to stand, walks holding furniture, can pick up small bits between finger and thumb

describe the physical development of a 2 year old

kicks a ball, runs, walks up a few stairs without help, eats with a spoon

describe the physical development of a 3 year old

strings items together (like beads or macaroni), puts on some clothes by themselves, uses a fork

list the peds imaging considerations based on the acronym ONE VOICE

one voice should be heard during the procedure, need for parental involvement, educate the pt before the procedure starts, validate the child’s feelings, offer the most comfortable position, individualize your game plan, choose appropriate distraction, eliminate unnecessary staff