CCAS Final Exam

Rules for creating passwords

Use at least 12 characters, a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols

Logic bomb

Detonated when a specific event occurs

Ransomware

Malware that holds a computer, its data, or a particular function hostage until a ransom is paid

Denial of service

Making repeated requests of a computer system or network, thereby overloading it and denying legitimate users access to it

Ways a virus spreads

Through email attachments, infected files downloaded online, social media links, and even physical storage devices like USB drives

Biometrics

Authenticate a person’s identity by comparing his or her physical or behavioral characteristics with digital code stored in a computer system

Encryption

The process of altering readable data into unreadable form to prevent unauthorized access

Benevolent hackers

Ethical hackers, usually computer professionals who break into computer systems and networks with the knowledge of their owners to expose security flaws that can be fixed

Benefits of networks

Sharing hardware and software, sharing data and info, better communication, accessing databases, centralized communication, security of information

Bluetooth

Wireless connection

Smartphone

A cellular telephone with software applications and internet access

text messaging

Sending of short messages, generally no more than 160 characters in length. Texting combines the portability of cellphones with the convenience of email and instant messaging

Megapixels

Millions of picture elements; the electronic dots making up an image. Unit of storage that describes the amount of data captured by camera.

Video on Demand

Set of technologies that enable viewers to select videos or tv programs from a central server to watch when they want

Podcasting

The recording and downloading of Internet radio or similar Internet audio programs

aspect ratio

Relationship of an object’s width to its height

Mashup

A creative combination of content or elements from different sources, such as a web page that blends data from two or more sources to create new services or content

E-reader

A handheld device on which electronic versions of books, newspapers, magazines, etc can be read

Database

Computer based collection of interrelated data and files

Characteristics of good information

Correct and verifiable, complete yet concise, cost-effective, current, and accessible

How is data stored for easier storage and retrieval

In bits, characters, fields, records, or files

TURING Test

A test scenario posed by Alan Turing to determine when an AI system has become sufficiently advanced to sound as natural as a human

CAPTCHA

A type of security measure known as challenge-response authentication

horizontal flow of information between departments

Exchange of information between departments, teams, or individuals on the same hierarchical level

vertical flow of information between departments (describe 3 levels)

Downward communication

Top management to lower level employees

Upward communication

Lower level employees to top management

Diagonal Communication

A lower level employee communicating directly with a higher level manager

Data mining

The computer assisted process of sifting through and analyzing vast amounts of data in order to extract hidden patterns and meaning and to discover new knowledge

benefit of database management systems

Reduced data redundancy, speed, improve data integrity, timeliness, ease of sharing, ease of data maintenance, forecasting capabilities, increased security

data cleansing

Data that is cleaned of errors and checked for consistency of formats

Data storage hierarchy: definitions of all components

Bits

The smallest unit of data, represented by 0 or 1

Characters

A group of 8 bits, typically representing a single character, number, or symbol

Fields

A single attribute or piece of information within a record, like a name or address

Records

A collection of related fields describing a specific entity or instance, like a customer or product

Files

A collection of related records, such as all customer records or all product records

Data storage hierarchy: order

Bits

Characters

Fields

Records

Files

Data vs. information

Data refers to individual statistics or facts, information is data with context, organization, and purpose

Primary key: define/poor and good examples

The field in a database that contains unique information for each record; also called a unique identifier. (social security number, customer account number, student ID)

Database administrator

Manages and maintains a database system, ensuring its efficiency, security, or availability

Metadata

Information--such as author, creation data or file size--that describes a data point or data set

Quick Access toolbar

A small customizable toolbar at the top left corner of the Word window. It contains shortcut buttons like Save, Undo, and Redo, and you can add your own frequently-used commands

Ribbon

The large horizontal bar at the top of Word that organizes commands into tabs like Home, Insert, Page Layout, etc. Each tab contains groups of related commands (Font, Paragraph, Styles)

Default file extension (2010)

.docx

format painter button

Lets you copy text formatting from one part of the document and apply it to another

Location of Cut, Copy, and Paste

Located on the Home tab in the Clipboard group

Default settings of margins, page size and orientation

Margins: Normal (1” on all sides)

Page Size: Letter (8.5 x 11)

Orientation: Portrait