Sig Figs

What are the two most common unit systems used in the world?

Metric system and English system.

What is the International System of Units (SI) based on?

The metric system.

How is a meter defined?

The distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 seconds.

What defines a kilogram according to SI standards?

The mass of a block of metal kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Sèvres, France.

How is a second defined in SI units?

The duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation emitted from a cesium-133 atom.

What does the Kelvin scale measure?

Temperature, starting at absolute zero.

What is absolute zero in Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit?

0 K, -273°C, -459°F.

How do you convert 3.4 X 10^-6 m to its prefix multiplier equivalent?

3.4 μm.

What unit is commonly used to measure volume in chemistry?

Cubic meter (m³), liter (L), milliliter (mL).

What is the equivalent of 1 milliliter in liters and cubic centimeters?

10^-3 L or 1 cm³.

What is the relationship between precision and measurement reliability?

Reliability depends on the measuring instrument used.

How is accuracy defined in scientific measurements?

How close the measured value is to the actual value.

What does precision refer to in measurements?

How close a series of measurements are to each other.

What is absolute error?

The difference between the true value and the measured value.

What is relative error?

The error expressed as a percentage of the true value.

What are significant figures?

The non-place-holding digits in a reported measurement that indicate its precision.

How do you treat leading zeroes in significant figures?

They are not significant.

What is the significance of exact numbers in calculations?

They have no uncertainty and do not limit significant figures.

What formula represents the density of a substance?

Density (d) = mass (m) / volume (V).

What is one way to determine if a substance is pure gold?

Measuring its density and comparing it to 19.3 g/cm³.

What is dimensional analysis?

Using units as a guide to solve problems.

If a jet fuel's density is 0.768 g/cm³ and it is fueled with 100,000 L, what is its mass in kilograms?

0.768 x 10^5 kg.

How much snack mix can an adult consume without exceeding the FDA limit for sodium intake?

468 g of the snack mix.