The Cardiac Cycle and Heart Function
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These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the cardiac cycle and heart function.
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23 Terms
Pacemaker Cells
Specialized heart cells responsible for generating electrical signals that initiate contractions.
Contractile Cells
Heart muscle cells that contract to pump blood throughout the body.
Systole
The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood.
Diastole
The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle relaxes and chambers fill with blood.
End Diastolic Volume (EDV)
The volume of blood in a ventricle just before it contracts.
End Systolic Volume (ESV)
The volume of blood remaining in a ventricle after it has contracted.
Isovolumetric Contraction
The phase of ventricular systole when the ventricles contract with no volume change because all valves are closed.
Atrial Systole
The phase of the cardiac cycle where the atria contract, actively filling the ventricles.
Passive Ventricular Filling
The phase where blood flows from the atria into the ventricles without atrial contraction.
Pressure Gradient
The difference in pressure that drives blood flow from areas of high pressure to low pressure.
Pacemaker Cells
Specialized heart cells responsible for generating electrical signals that initiate contractions.
Contractile Cells
Heart muscle cells that contract to pump blood throughout the body.
Systole
The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood.
Diastole
The phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle relaxes and chambers fill with blood.
End Diastolic Volume (EDV)
The volume of blood in a ventricle just before it contracts.
End Systolic Volume (ESV)
The volume of blood remaining in a ventricle after it has contracted.
Isovolumetric Contraction
The phase of ventricular systole when the ventricles contract with no volume change because all valves are closed.
Atrial Systole
The phase of the cardiac cycle where the atria contract, actively filling the ventricles.
Passive Ventricular Filling
The phase where blood flows from the atria into the ventricles without atrial contraction.
Pressure Gradient
The difference in pressure that drives blood flow from areas of high pressure to low pressure.
Stroke Volume (SV)
The volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat, calculated as EDV - ESV.
Cardiac Output (CO)
The total volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute, calculated as Heart Rate \times Stroke Volume.
Sinoatrial (SA)