Mass Communication and Society Unit 4 Quiz

Preprint societies

only temples and palaces had books

After printing

Large number of books circulated independently of temples/palaces

Mechanical print is more standardized than what

handwriting

China

printing was a state monopoly

Europe: book printing associated with what

profound social changes (tremendous increase in the number of books circulated; distributed via trade networks, not temples)

China:

had printing a few centuries earlier, no profound social changes

China: What was developed

Printing by wood blocks

China: Calendars printed by who

Entrepreneurs early in the 9th century

China: The state prohibited what

printing of calendars by private citizens in 835 A.D

China: the chinese government formalized what

censorship in 1090 A.D

China: Printing using movable types began when

11th century

China: printing became what

a state monopoly

China: Printing pictographic manuscripts was what

cheaper than handwritten ones (cost ratio is 1 to 10)

China: Printing phonetic was much what

more cheaper than phonetic writing (cost ratio 1 to four hundred)

Europe - paper: muslim invades brought what

paper making technique to Spain in 1200 A.D

Europe - paper: paper mills in operation when

in Europe by the 14th century

Preprint Europe: books were what

reproduced by scribes affiliated with Catholic church

Europe - The coming of print: print diffused from

China to Europe via international trade

The coming of print : what did Johannes Gutenberg do

Perfected the mass production of metal letters- cheaply reproduced with unlimited supply of them

the coming of print: printing industry slowly grew for what

the first three or four decades after that it rapidly expanded

Printing centers: printing centers were what

university cities

printing centers: the interest of university faculty and that of the printers were what

compatible in a supply of books (newly authored books were sought after)

printing centers: nearly all university cities had what

printing press by the end of the 15th century

Low cost: 3 FPQ (florins per quinterno)

to print a book which is 1,025 copies

Low cost: 1 FPQ

for a scribe — 1 copy

Low cost: preprint a book = what

two cows, a professor with his annual salary could buy 2 books of law, 10 books of medicine

Low cost: printed Bible

was sold 1/5 price of bible by scribes

Vernacular publication: as printing expanded

vernacular publications became common

Vernacular publication: Before 1500,

¾ books printed in Latin, ratio reversed after a few decades

Vernacular publication: By 1550,

30 vernacular translations of Bible in circulation

Fame: some literates wrote what

books to achieve fame

Fame: authors sought to write for what

the masses, printers sought to expand markets

a gradual shift in what

content of books, from sacred to secular ones

Europe - print shops:

gathering places for authors, scholars, printers, and traders (market center associations) were more fluid and less hierarchical than scriptoria (temple and palace centered)

Europe - print shops: bookish culture

it was a social gathering similar to that produced by scribes

Increase in quality: there were more books published in

Europe in the 150 years after Gutenberg, than in the preceding 1500 years

Increase in quality: European scribes and Chinese producers

produced to please their authorities, not to attract a mass readership

increase in quality: commercially produced books

appealed to the buyers- survived or failed, determined by the marketplace

Novelty: When market based printing not restrained by the state or temples,

authors and printers were more likely to offer novel definition of reality — different from the info released by the authorities

Novelty: absence of accountability + what

easy production + increase in amount of info + growth of commercial printing transformed written word from sacred artifact to profane commodity in Europe

Novelty: Before printing, literacy restricted to

clergy, books with sacred content; printing secularized them (literates, and content)

The press and Church : Satire of the Church

In 1509, Erasmus published In Praise of Folly ridiculed the church hierarchy. IP o F sold well and ushered in a new era of widespread vicious satire at church authorities

Martin Luther: nailed his 95 theses to a

church door in 1517, within a month printers in three different cities published Luthers theses

Martin Luther: From 1517-1520

Luthers thirty publications sold well over 300,000 copies

Martin Luther: From 1518-1525

Luthers writing accounted for 1/3 of all German language books sold

Luther commented

printing press was God’s highest and extremist act of grace

An image of Luther offering what

A bible to the pope who rejects it with an expression of horror

Clergy and Parishioners relationship: Prior to reformation

The bible was used by clergy to give authenticity to its statements

Clergy and parishioners relationships: the relationship between the clergy and the parishioners

a speaker and audience

Clergy and Parishioners relationship S-A relationship due to

S-A relationship due to

a) high cost of books

b) low literacy rates

c) Bible in Latin (unavailable in vernaculars)

clergy and parishioners relationships printing lessened what

constraints

Catholic church hegemony

religious beliefs and moral issues was shattered

Catholic church hegemony : a host of competing interpretations

of the bible was offered

Criticism and new definitions of

reality sold better than defense and traditional definitions of reality

In the 16th century, some catholics did what

published works to advocate traditional definitions but the publications were in Latin

Most protestant leaders promoted

literacy and published in vernaculars

Catholics vs Protestants: charismatic leaders emerged with the

print, to offer novel definitions and solicited followers

Some alternative definitions conflicted with

Catholics and Protestants

The religious wars between Catholics and Protestants

achieved a scale beyond any previous violence fueled by religious beliefs

Nationalism: The king of Sweden called for

all to become literate in Swedish language, and denied marriage to the illiterate

the growth of literacy in sweden

a) reaffirmed Lutheranism

b) promoted Swedish nationalism and

c) validated the Swedish monarchy

The press and the state: most state authorities instituted

censorship, did so at the urge of church authorities

Intellectual Ferment : Oral and script ages

informal education

children acquire knowledge informally by associating with adults

education is a

mosaic experience

education is an

apprentice relationship

Print

expansion of formal education

education is an

orderly sequence

education is a

bureaucratized order

University Education: Script age

teacher reading to students

print age

students read in isolation

University education

solitary scholarship

personal autonomy

reflected on what had read, with observation — reflective thought

Reflective thought: reading and writing

favor reflective thought

formulating ideas in isolation

ideas as personal accomplishment

solitary scholarship

promotes individualism

students free from coping manuscripts

spent more time reading and examining phenomena

Discoveries: The press was responsible for

the discoveries of the Americas

A 1482 printing of Ptolemy’s atlas showed the Earth as round

displayed the ocean as devoid of land between Europe and China, and described the earth as smaller than it is. Columbus studied Ptolemy’s atlas and concluded the shortest rout to China was across Atlantic Ocean

Preprint: (oral/script ages):

reading in collective and expressive contexts

Print

reading in isolation with little responsiveness (responsiveness is untoward)

Conclusion TEST QUESTION

Printing press was the

death knell for orality (as technique for preserving info)

Poems are composed in

writing not orally

Poems are composed to

entertain not to retain preserve info

Printing books is

SUPPLEMENT

The e book: existing e books are

expensive ($350-$400)

sony reader

same size and weight as a paperback novel (hold 80 average size books)

reader purchase and download books to their

Reader (iTunes)

Digital version sell for

about 20% less than printed versions

Maps and charts

do not show up very well

Printing on Demand (The e bookstore): publishers create

a huge database of books in digital form

customers goes to a bookstore and browses through a catalogue, and selects a book

a machine in the bookstore downloads and prints the book while the customer wait

Continuing about the e book store

publishers do not have to guess how many copies to print

eliminates production and shipping costs

special interest books that only sell a few hundreds are not a possibility

Changing Facets of Libraries— Research, study, collaborate, recharge

Online Sources

Culling Books (generating spaces for events)

Automatized book retrieval — A vault with books, to make a request, the book to be retrieved by a robotic arm

Social center

a room with a grand piano, black leather couches, a glass wall, with a cafe and a tech center (computer equipped booth) Marquette University, library usage tripled

Cultural/Event Center

UNI Rod Library/Museum

meeting places for classes and committee meetings

Readings

Teaser trailer readings: to hear librarians, professors, fellow students, and authors read aloud from a different book

RodCon (Comic Con)

Wall of Comic Art, Adult and Childrens costume contests a mini comic book convention where people from all areas of life can meet and celebrate their love of comics, graphic novels, and pop culture

Hunger Games (Scavenger hunts throughout the library through midnight)

bring your blood lust and your team to Rod Library

Rock the stacks

live/free band performances “lets get loud in the library museum!

UNI Museum

eco + house, ballroom bash: iowas rock n roll legecy, it takes an iowan, 2016 best of cedar falls museum

special collections and university archives

antique word games night, rare books petting zoo

youth collection

african american read-in, story hour, April youth giveaway books, book talks (events focused on community and student involvement)